A group of three faint stars outlines the head of Orion. His right
shoulder is marked by the deep-red, first-magnitude star Betelgeuze
(meaning armpit), and his left shoulder by the bright white star
Bellatrix, The Amazon. Orion stands facing Taurus, The Bull, and
brandishes in his right hand a club, outlined by a number of faint
stars extending from Betelgeuze toward the northeast. The top of the
club lies near the tips of the horns of Taurus. In his left hand he
holds up a lion's skin, which we can trace in another curving line of
faint stars to the west and northwest of Bellatrix. The brilliant,
blue-white, first-magnitude star Rigel lies in the left foot, and the
second-magnitude star Saiph, a little to the east of Rigel, is in
the right knee. Three evenly spaced stars lying in a straight line
that is exactly three degrees in length form the Belt of Orion,
and from the Belt hangs the Sword of Orion, outlined by three faint
stars. The central star in the Sword appears somewhat blurred and is
the multiple star Theta, in the midst of the great Orion nebula, the
finest object of its kind in the heavens. Entangled in the meshes of
this glowing nebula are a number of brilliant suns, appearing to us
as faint stars because of their great distance. The star Theta, in
the heart of the nebula, is seen with a powerful telescope to consist
of six stars; that is, it is a sextuple star. Even with a small
telescope, four of these stars can readily be seen, arranged in the
form of a small trapezium. The lowest star in the Sword is a triple
star, and the entire constellation abounds in double, triple, and
multiple stars.
From the central portion of the nebula extend many branches and
streamers of nebulous light, and it is known that the entire
constellation of Orion is enwrapped in the folds of this nebulosity,
which forms a glowing, whirling mass of fiery gases in rapid
rotation. This constellation is remarkable for the fact that all of
its brighter stars, with the exception of the deep-red Betelgeuze,
form one enormous, connected group of stars. They are all more or
less associated with the great nebula and its branches, and are all
extremely hot, white or bluish-white stars, known as helium stars,
because the gas helium is so conspicuous in their atmospheres. The
Orion stars are the hottest and brightest of all the stars.
Blazing Rigel, Bellatrix, and Saiph, marking three corners of the
great quadrilateral, of which Betelgeuze marks the fourth corner, are
all brilliant helium stars. So are the three stars in the Belt and
the fainter stars in the Sword and the great nebula.
[Illustration: FEBRUARY--ORION]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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