There are a number of bright stars in the constellation of Canis
Major. A fairly bright star a little to the west of Sirius marks the
uplifted paw of the dog, and to the southeast, in the tail and hind
quarters, are several conspicuous stars of the second magnitude.
A little to the east and much farther to the north, we find Canis
Minor, The Lesser Dog, containing the beautiful first-magnitude
star Procyon, "Precursor of the Dog"--that is, of Sirius. Since
Procyon is so much farther north than Sirius and very little to the
east, we see its brilliant rays in the eastern sky some time before
Sirius appears above the southeastern horizon, hence its name. Long
after Sirius has disappeared from view beneath the western horizon
in the late spring, Procyon may still be seen low in the western
sky. Procyon, also is one of our nearer neighbors among the stars,
being only about ten light-years distant from the solar system. Like
Sirius, it is a double star with a much fainter companion, that by
its attraction sways the motion of Procyon to such an extent that
we should know of its existence, even if it were not visible, by
the disturbances it produces in the motion of Procyon. The period
of revolution of Procyon and its companion about a common center is
about forty years, and the two stars combined weigh about a third
more than our own sun and give forth six times as much light. Canis
Minor contains only one other bright star, Beta, a short distance to
the northwest of Procyon. Originally, the name Procyon was given to
the entire constellation, but it was later used only with reference
to the one star. Procyon, Sirius, and Betelgeuze in Orion form a huge
equal-sided triangle that lies across the meridian at this time and
is a most conspicuous configuration in the evening sky.
[Illustration: MARCH--GEMINI AND CANIS MINOR]
Directly south of the zenith we find Gemini, The Twins, one of the
zodiacal constellations. It is in Gemini that the sun is to be found
at the beginning of summer. The two bright stars Castor and Pollux
mark the heads of the twins, and the two stars in the opposite
corners of the four-sided figure shown in the chart mark their feet.
Castor and Pollux, according to the legend, were the twin brothers of
Helen of Troy who went on the Argonautic expedition. When a storm
overtook the vessel on its return voyage, Orpheus invoked the aid of
Apollo, who caused two stars to shine above the heads of the twins,
and the storm immediately ceased. It was for this reason that Castor
and Pollux became the special deities of seamen, and it was customary
to place their effigies upon the prows of vessels. The "By Jimini!"
of today is but a corruption of the "By Gemini!" heard so frequently
among the sailors of the ancient world.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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