The astronomical name for Castor, the fainter star, is Alpha
Geminorum, meaning Alpha of Gemini. As it was customary to call the
brightest star in a constellation by the first letter in the Greek
alphabet, it is believed that Castor has decreased considerably in
brightness since the days of the ancients, for it is now decidedly
inferior to Pollux in brightness, which is called Beta Geminorum.
Of the two stars, Castor is the more interesting because it is a
double star that is readily separated into two stars with the aid of
a small telescope. The two principal stars are known to be, in turn,
extremely close double stars revolving almost in contact in periods
of a few days. Where we see but one star with the unaided eye, there
is, then a system of four suns, the two close pairs revolving slowly
about a common center of gravity in a period of several centuries and
at a great distance apart.
The star Pollux, which we can easily distinguish by its superior
brightness, is the more southerly of the twin stars and lies due
north of Procyon and about as far from Procyon as Procyon is from
Sirius.
The appearance of Gemini on the meridian in the early evening and
of the huge triangle, with its corners marked by the brilliants,
Procyon, Sirius, and Betelgeuze, due south, with "Great Orion sloping
slowly to the west," is as truly a sign of approaching spring as
the gradual lengthening of the days, the appearance of crocuses and
daffodils, and the first robin. It is only a few weeks later--as
pictured by Tennyson in _Maud_--
"When the face of the night is fair on the dewy downs,
And the shining daffodil dies, and the Charioteer
And starry Gemini hang like glorious crowns
Over Orion's grave low down in the west."
V
APRIL
In the early evening hours of April the western sky is still adorned
with the brilliant jewels with which we became familiar on the
clear frosty evenings of winter. Orion is now sinking fast to his
rest beneath the western horizon. Beautiful, golden Capella in
Auriga glows in the northwest. Sirius sparkles and scintillates, a
magnificent diamond of the sky, just above the southwestern horizon,
while Procyon in Canis Minor, The Lesser Dog, and Castor and Pollux,
The Twins, in the constellation of Gemini, are still high in the
western part of the heavens.
In the northeast and east may be seen the constellations that will
be close to the meridian at this time next month. Ursa Major, The
Greater Bear, with its familiar Big Dipper, is now in a favorable
position for observation. The Sickle in Leo is high in the eastern
sky, and Spica, the brilliant white diamond of the evening skies of
spring, is low in the southeast in Virgo.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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