Canopus is located in the constellation of Argo Navis which is
the largest and most conspicuous constellation in the heavens.
In addition to Canopus it contains a number of second- and
third-magnitude stars and is subdivided for convenience into Puppis,
The Prow; Carina, The Keel; and Vela, The Sails. Huge as it is,
Argo Navis represents only half of a ship for the stern is lacking.
According to the legend this ship was built by Argos, aided by
Pallas Athene, for Jason, the leader of the expedition of the fifty
Argonauts who sailed from Greece to Colchis in search of the golden
fleece. Pallas Athene placed in the bow of the ship a piece of
timber from the speaking oak of Dodona to guide the crew and warn
them of dangers and after the voyage the ship was supposed to have
been placed in the heavens.
[Illustration: SOUTHERN CONSTELLATIONS--1. IN FEBRUARY]
In Argo Navis is one of the finest telescopic objects in the heavens,
the Keyhole Nebula, as it is usually called, from a peculiar-shaped
dark patch in its brightest part. On the border of this nebula is the
deep-red Wonder Star of the southern hemisphere, Eta Argus, which
varies suddenly and unexpectedly in brightness between the seventh
and first magnitudes. In 1843 it burst forth with a splendor rivaling
Sirius and maintained this brilliancy for nearly ten years and then
slowly waned in brilliancy until it disappeared to the unaided eye
in 1886. The surrounding nebula also seems to share in its peculiar
fluctuations of brightness. Eta Argus is now a star of the seventh
magnitude and since it is still varying fitfully in brightness it is
believed that the history of its light-changes is not complete.
Among the constellations of the southern heavens near the meridian
in February we see in addition to Argo Navis the constellations
of Dorado, The Goldfish; Hydrus, The Serpent, and Tucana, The
Toucan. Though insignificant in appearance Dorado contains what was
described by Sir John Herschel as one of the most extraordinary
objects in the heavens, a worthy rival of The Great Orion Nebula and
in some respects very similar to it, The Great Looped Nebula, "the
center of a great spiral." In Dorado also is located The Greater
Magellanic Cloud which looks like a detached portion of the Milky
Way though it is far removed from it. To the naked eye it resembles
a small white cloud about 4° in extent. In the telescope it bears a
close resemblance to a typical portion of the Milky Way. A similar
formation known as The Lesser Magellanic Cloud is located in Hydrus.
It has been estimated that the distance of The Lesser Cloud is 80,000
light-years and that it is receding from us.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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