By the explorers of the sixteenth century the Cross was taken as a sign of heaven's approval of their attempt to establish the Christian religion in the wilds of the New World. This thought is beautifully expressed in Mrs. Hemans' lines in "The Cross of the South." "But to thee, as thy lode-stars resplendently burn In their clear depths of blue, with devotion I turn Bright Cross of the South! and beholding thee shine, Scarce regret the loved land of the olive and vine. Thou recallest the ages when first o'er the main My fathers unfolded the ensign of Spain, And planted their faith in the regions that see Its imperishing symbol ever blazoned in thee." Alpha Crucis, the brightest star in Crux, is at the foot of the Cross. It consists in reality of two second-magnitude stars forming a beautiful double while a third fifth-magnitude star one and one-half minutes of arc distant makes with this pair a combination similar to our Mizar and Alcor of the Big Dipper though the separation is not great enough to be visible to the naked eye. The second-magnitude star at the head of the Cross is a deep orange in color and the two stars that mark the ends of the cross-arm are white third-magnitude stars. [Illustration: SOUTHERN CONSTELLATIONS--2. IN JULY] One of the finest constellations of the southern hemisphere is Centaurus, The Centaur, which surrounds Crux on the north and is more than 60° in length. Its center lies about 50° south of Spica in Virgo and below the tail of Hydra. Alpha Centauri, its brightest star and the nearest star to the solar system, four and one-third light-years away, is a golden-yellow double star that forms with the star Beta Centauri on the west a configuration similar to that of Castor and Pollux in Gemini, only one that is far more striking because of the superior brilliancy of the stars. Alpha Centauri lies in the Milky Way and transits the meridian at the same time with Arcturus though it cannot be seen north of the 29th parallel. Alpha Centauri, like Canopus, was an object of worship in Egypt and a number of temples in northern Egypt were oriented to its emergence from the sun's rays in the morning at the autumnal equinox, between 3000 and 2575 B.C. North of Centaurus is the constellation Lupus, The Wolf, which is also crossed by the Milky Way. According to one myth Lupus is held in the right hand of the Centaur as an offering upon the altar which is represented by the constellation of Ara next to Centaurus on the east. Ara also is crossed by the Milky Way. Neither Lupus nor Ara contain any objects that are worthy of special attention. Triangulum Australe, The Southern Triangle, a little to the southeast of Alpha Centauri, is far more conspicuous than the Triangulum of the northern hemisphere.