Astronomy with an Opera-glass: A Popular Introduction to the Study of the Starry Heavens with the Simplest of Optical InstrumentsServiss, Garrett Putman
Science
Astronomy with an Opera-glass: A Popular Introduction to the Study of the Starry Heavens with the Simplest of Optical Instruments
Serviss, Garrett Putman
Astronomy
No one can gaze upon this marvelous phenomenon, even with the
comparatively low powers of an opera-glass, and reflect that all these
swarming dots of light are really suns, without a stunning sense of the
immensity of the material universe.
It is an interesting fact that the summer solstice, or the point which
the sun occupies when it attains its greatest northerly declination, on
the longest day of the year, is close by this great cluster in Gemini.
In the glare of the sunshine those swarming stars are then concealed
from our sight, but with the mind's eye we can look past and beyond our
sun, across the incomprehensible chasm of space, and behold them still
shining, their commingled rays making our great God of Day seem but a
lonely wanderer in the expanse of the universe.
It was only a short distance southwest of this cluster that one of the
most celebrated discoveries in astronomy was made. There, on the evening
of March 13, 1781, William Herschel observed a star whose singular
aspect led him to put a higher magnifying power on his telescope. The
higher power showed that the object was not a star but a planet, or a
comet, as Herschel at first supposed. It was the planet Uranus, whose
discovery "at one stroke doubled the breadth of the sun's dominions."
The constellation of Gemini, as the names of its two chief stars
indicate, had its origin in the classic story of the twin sons of
Jupiter and Leda:
"Fair Leda's twins, in time to stars decreed,
One fought on foot, one curbed the fiery steed."
Castor and Pollux were regarded by both the Greeks and the Romans as the
patrons of navigation, and this fact crops out very curiously in the
adventures of St. Paul. After his disastrous shipwreck on the island of
Melita he embarked again on a more prosperous voyage in a ship bearing
the name of these very brothers. "And after three months," writes the
celebrated apostle (Acts xxviii, 11) "we departed in a ship of
Alexandria, which had wintered in the isle, whose sign was Castor and
Pollux." We may be certain that Paul was acquainted with the
constellation of Gemini, not only because he was skilled in the learning
of his times, but because, in his speech on Mars Hill, he quoted a line
from the opening stanzas of Aratus's "Phenomena," a poem in which the
constellations are described.
The map will enable you next to find Procyon, or the Little Dog-Star,
more than twenty degrees south of Castor and Pollux, and almost directly
below the Manger. This star will interest you by its golden-yellow color
and its brightness, although it is far inferior in the latter respect to
Sirius, or the Great Dog-Star, which you will see flashing splendidly
far down beneath Procyon in the southwest. About four degrees northwest
of Procyon is a third-magnitude star, called Gomelza, and the glass will
show you two small stars which make a right-angled triangle with it, the
nearer one being remarkable for its ruddy color.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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