Astronomy with an Opera-glass: A Popular Introduction to the Study of the Starry Heavens with the Simplest of Optical InstrumentsServiss, Garrett Putman
Science
Astronomy with an Opera-glass: A Popular Introduction to the Study of the Starry Heavens with the Simplest of Optical Instruments
Serviss, Garrett Putman
Astronomy
In the accompanying map we have represented the beautiful constellations
Lyra and the Northern Crown, lying on either side of Hercules. The
reader should note that the point overhead in this map is not far from
the star Eta ([eta]) in Hercules. The bottom of the map is toward the
south, the right-hand side is west, and the left-hand side east. It is
important to keep these directions in mind, in comparing the map with
the sky. For instance, the observer must not expect to look into the
south and see Hercules half-way up the sky, with Lyra a little east of
it; he must look for Hercules nearly overhead, and Lyra a little east
of the zenith. The same precautions are not necessary in using the maps
of Scorpio, Sagittarius, and Ophiuchus, because those constellations are
nearer the horizon, and so the observer does not have to imagine the map
as being suspended over his head.
The name Hercules sufficiently indicates the mythological origin of the
constellation, and yet the Greeks did not know it by that name, for
Aratus calls it "the Phantom whose name none can tell." The Northern
Crown, according to fable, was the celebrated crown of Ariadne, and Lyra
was the harp of Orpheus himself, with whose sweet music he charmed the
hosts of Hades, and persuaded Pluto to yield up to him his lost
Eurydice.
With the aid of the map you will be able to recognize the principal
stars and star-groups in Hercules, and will find many interesting
combinations of stars for yourself. An object of special interest is the
celebrated star-cluster 13 M. You will find it on the map between the
stars Eta ([eta]) and Zeta ([zeta]). While an opera-glass will only show
it as a faint and minute speck, lying nearly between two little stars,
it is nevertheless well worth looking for, on account of the great
renown of this wonderful congregation of stars. Sir William Herschel
computed the number of stars contained in it as about fourteen thousand.
It is roughly spherical in shape, though there are many straggling stars
around it evidently connected with the cluster. In short, it is _a ball
of suns_. The reader should not mistake what that implies, however.
These suns, though truly solar bodies, are probably very much smaller
than our sun. Mr. Gore has computed their average diameter to be
forty-five thousand miles, and the distance separating each from the
next to be 9,000,000,000 miles. It may not be uninteresting to inquire
what would be the appearance of the sky to dwellers within such a system
of suns. Adopting Mr. Gore's estimates, and supposing 9,000,000,000
miles to be very nearly the uniform distance apart of the stars in the
cluster, and forty-five thousand miles their uniform diameter, then,
starting with a single star in the center, their arrangement might be
approximately in concentric spherical shells, situated about
9,000,000,000 miles apart. The first shell, counting outward from the
center, would contain a dozen stars, each of which, as seen by an
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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