Astronomy with an Opera-glass: A Popular Introduction to the Study of the Starry Heavens with the Simplest of Optical InstrumentsServiss, Garrett Putman
Science
Astronomy with an Opera-glass: A Popular Introduction to the Study of the Starry Heavens with the Simplest of Optical Instruments
Serviss, Garrett Putman
Astronomy
Cygnus, the swan, is a constellation whose mythological history is not
specially interesting, although, as remarked above, it contains one of
the most clearly marked figures to be found among the stars, the famous
Northern Cross. The outlines of this cross are marked with great
distinctness by the stars Alpha ([alpha]), Epsilon ([epsilon]), Gamma
([gamma]), Delta ([delta]), and Beta ([beta]), together with some
fainter stars lying along the main beam of the cross between [beta] and
[gamma]. The star [beta], also called Albireo, is one of the most
beautiful double stars in the heavens. The components are sharply
contrasted in color, the larger star being golden-yellow, while the
smaller one is a deep, rich blue. With a field-glass of 1.6-inch
aperture and magnifying seven times I have sometimes been able to
divide this pair, and to recognize the blue color of the smaller star.
It will be found a severe test for such a glass.
[Illustration: MAP 12.]
About half-way from Albireo to the two stars [zeta] and [epsilon] in
Aquila is a very curious little group, consisting of six or seven stars
in a straight row, with a garland of other stars hanging from the
center. To see it best, take a field-glass, although an opera-glass
shows it.
I have indicated the place of the celebrated star 61 Cygni in the map,
because of the interest attaching to it as the nearest to us, so far as
we know, of all the stars in the northern hemisphere, and with one
exception the nearest star in all the heavens. Yet it is very faint, and
the fact that so inconspicuous a star should be nearer than such
brilliants as Vega and Arcturus shows how wide is the range of magnitude
among the suns that light the universe. The actual distance of 61 Cygni
is something like 650,000 times as great as the distance from the earth
to the sun.
The star Omicron ([omicron]) is very interesting with an opera-glass.
The naked eye sees a little star near it. The glass throws them wide
apart, and divides [omicron] itself into two stars. Now, a field-glass,
if of sufficient power, will divide the larger of these stars again into
two--a fine test.
Sweep around [alpha] and [gamma] for the splendid star-fields that
abound in this neighborhood; also around the upper part of the figure of
the cross. We are here in one of the richest parts of the Milky-Way.
Between the stars [alpha], [gamma], [epsilon], is the strange dark gap
in the galaxy called the Coal-Sack, a sort of hole in the starry
heavens. Although it is not entirely empty of stars, its blackness is
striking in contrast with the brilliancy of the Milky-Way in this
neighborhood. The divergent streams of the great river of light in this
region present a very remarkable appearance.
[Illustration: MAP 13.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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