D--Fagus Risdoniana, Ettingsh. Cainozoic. Tasmania. E--Spondylostrobus Smythi, Mueller. Cainozoic. (Deep Leads), Victoria. ] =Miocene Leaf-beds.--Janjukian Stage.--= Later Cainozoic deposits, evidently accumulated in lakes, and sometimes ferruginous, may be referred to the Miocene. They are comparable in age with the Janjukian marine beds of Spring Creek and Waurn Ponds in Victoria. These occur far inland and occupy distinct basins, as at the Wannon, Bacchus Marsh (Maddingley), and Pitfield Plains. Leaf-beds of this age occur also on the Otway coast, Victoria, containing the genera _Coprosmaephyllum_, _Persoonia_ and _Phyllocladus_. In all probability the Dalton and Gunning leaf-beds of New South Wales belong here. Examples of the genera found in beds of this age are _Eucalyptus_ (a species near _E. amygdalina_), _Banksia_ or Native Honeysuckle, _Cinnamomum_ or Cinnamon, _Laurus_ or Laurel, and _Fagus_ (_Notofagus_) or Beech (Fig. 61). In the leaf-beds covered by the older basalt on the Dargo High Plains, Gippsland, leaves of the _Ginkgo Murrayana_ occur. In South Australia several occurrences of leaf beds have been recorded, containing similar species to those found in the Cainozoic of Dalton and Vegetable Creek, New South Wales. For example, _Magnolia Brownii_ occurs at Lake Frome, _Bombax Sturtii_ and _Eucalyptus Mitchelli_ at Elizabeth River, and _Apocynophyllum Mackinlayi_ at Arcoona. =Fruits of the "Deep Leads."--= The Deep Leads of Victoria, New South Wales and Tasmania probably begin to date from the period just named, for they seem to be contemporaneous with the "Older Gold Drift" of Victoria; a deposit sometimes containing a marine fauna of Janjukian age. This upland river system persisted into Lower Pliocene times, and their buried silts yield many fruits, of types not now found in Australia, such as _Platycoila_, _Penteune_ and _Pleioclinis_, along with _Cupressus_ (_Spondylostrobus_) and _Eucalyptus_ of the existing flora (Fig. 62). =Pleistocene Plants.--= The Pleistocene volcanic tuffs of Mount Gambier have been shown to contain fronds of the living _Pteris_ (_Pteridium_) _aquilina_ or Bracken fern, and a _Banksia_ in every way comparable with _B. marginata_, a species of the Native Honeysuckle still living in the same district. [Illustration: =Fig. 62.--Leaves of a Fossil Eucalyptus. (E. pluti, McCoy).= About 3/4 nat. size. From the Cainozoic Deep Leads, Daylesford, Victoria. (_Nat. Mus. Coll._) ]