He appeals to some oracles of Bacis, but the sausage-seller has better
ones of Bacis' elder brother Glanis. The Chorus rebuke Demos, whom all
men fear as absolute, for being easily led, for listening to the newest
comer and for a perpetual banishment of his intelligence. In a second
contest for Demos' favours Cleon is finally beaten when it appears that
he has kept some dainties in his box while the sausage-seller has given
his all. An appeal to an oracle prophesying his supplanter--one who
can steal, commit perjury and face it out--so clearly applies to the
sausage-seller that Cleon retires.
After a brief absence Demos appears with his new friend--but it is a
different Demos, rid of his false evidence and jury system, the Demos
of fifty years before. He is ashamed of his recent history, of his
preferring doles to battleships. He promises a speedy reform, full pay
to his sailors, strict revision of the army service rolls, an embargo
on Bills of Parliament. To his joy he recovers the Thirty Years' peace
which Cleon had hidden away, and realises at last his longing to escape
from the city into the country.
This violent attack on Cleon was vigorously met; Aristophanes was
prosecuted and seems to have made a compromise. In his next comedy,
the _Clouds_ (which was presented in 423) he changes his victim.
Strepsiades, an old Athenian, married a high-born wife of expensive
tastes; their son Pheidippides developed a liking for horses and soon
brought his father to the edge of ruin. The latter requests the son
to save him by joining the academy conducted by Socrates, where he can
learn the worse argument which enables its possessor to win his case.
Aided by it he can rid his father of debt. As the son flatly refuses,
the old man decides to learn it himself. Entering the school he sees
maps and drawings of all kinds and finally descries Socrates himself,
far above his head in a basket, high among the clouds, studying the sun.
Strepsiades begs him to teach him the Worse Argument at his own price.
After initiating him, Socrates summons his deities the Clouds, who enter
as the Chorus. These are the guardian deities of modern professors,
seers, doctors, lazy long-haired long-nailed fellows, musicians who
cultivate trills and tremolos, transcendental quacks who sing their
praises. The old gods are dethroned, a vortex governing the universe.
The Chorus tells Socrates to take the old man and teach him everything.
The ode which follows contains the poet's claim to be original.
"I never seek to dupe you by hashing up the same old theme two or
three times, but show my cleverness by introducing ever-new ideas,
none alike and all smart."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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