As one would expect there is a gradual evolution amongst the natives of the Bantu tribes, from the Priest, pure and simple, to the “Medicine man” proper; one who leaves the supernatural out of his method of treatment and depends on nature and combination of nature’s products for the cure of disease. Thus we have the “Isanuse,” the witch doctor, diviner of secrets, etc., and on the other hand the “Igquira Elemicisa,” the herb doctor; some of these latter even going the length of specializing different classes of diseases; and the “Awamatambo,” Kaffir Surgeons. The Kaffir Doctor may be of either sex, except in the case of the war doctor, who is always a male; and in the puberty rites of (intonyana) and (ubukweta), each sex is treated by a practitioner of like sex. Some of these “doctors” inherit, or are taught the knowledge possessed by their father or mother, e.g., the Awemiciza; others become so by voluntary submission to rites and training, vide Isanusi, where the process of Ukutwasa is described. They all carry on their person charms of numerous kinds; dried lizards, tiger’s teeth, fish bones, etc., etc., etc., that have for them special virtues; and the large majority claim to have power over the demons of disease; for to the unsophisticated Kaffir, all disease is caused by “Umtagati” or witchcraft, and although the doctor may rely on his herbs and treatment to cure his patient, he is led to practice spells and go through incantations to meet the evident expectations of his patients, and perhaps more so of the relatives. Taking a “Herb Doctor” all-round he is often a clever fellow, good at the cure of some diseases, and his methods and principles compare favourably with those ascribed to Aesculapius and Galen in the early history of medicine. The Kaffir uses a pronominal prefixual polysyllabic language, and attention to the structure of Kaffir words is necessary in order to understand the terms applied to the various kinds of Kaffir doctors. “Isanuse” is a substantive term of unknown origin, meaning a witch finder or witch doctor. Most of the other names consist of two parts—a distinguishing part preceded by Igqira, which means “doctor,” just as we use the term Doctor of Herbs, the Kaffir uses that of Singular Plural igqira elemicisa amagqira awemicisa the doctor of herbs. the doctors of herbs. and so on. The etymology may be briefly shown thus: Singular—Iligqira, or contracted, i-gqira—the doctor. e la imi cisa } elemicisa who of the herbs } Plural—Amagqira. Plural prefix—ama. a wa imi cisa } awemicisa who of the herbs } There are five classes of “Doctors,” each having sub-classes. A. The Witch doctors.