United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns
The scene witnessed was dreadful and heart-rending. The Union loss was
about 12,000, and the Confederates less than half that number. The
Union army was withdrawn across the river under the cover of darkness,
and the battle of Fredericksburg had passed into history.
Burnside, at his own request, was relieved of the command of the Army
of the Potomac, which was handed to General Joseph Hooker.
THE BATTLE OF CHANCELLORSVILLE
After the battle of Fredericksburg the Union army went into winter
quarters at Falmouth, only a few miles away, while the Confederates
took up their encampment for the winter at Fredericksburg.
General Joseph Hooker, who was popularly known as "Fighting Joe
Hooker," had succeeded General Burnside in command of the Army of
the Potomac, which numbered about 130,000 men, while that of the
Confederates numbered about 60,000.
Hooker conceived the idea to divide his army and leave Sedgwick with
about 40,000 men to make a feint upon the Confederates, stationed about
Fredericksburg, and himself with the remainder of the army to move
around Lee's army and take a position at Chancellorsville, a small
place in a wilderness country only a few miles from Fredericksburg,
and by doing this, take Lee by surprise. These plans of Hooker have
been considered by war historians as being well laid if they had been
carried out. Lee was on the alert, and had heard of Hooker's plans,
and was not to be caught in the trap. Lee, paying little attention to
Sedgwick, east of Fredericksburg, had turned to face Hooker. By rapid
night marches he met Hooker's army before it reached its destination.
His advance columns were pushed back by the Federals, who succeeded
in taking the position which was assigned to them, Meade on the left
and Slocum on the right, with adequate support in the rear. All was in
readiness and had favorable positions when, to the amazement of all the
officers, Hooker ordered the whole army to fall back to the position it
had occupied the day before, thereby leaving the advantage with Lee,
who moved his forces up to the positions which the Federals evacuated
and began feeling the Federal lines with some cannonading during the
evening of May 1st.
The Confederates were in extreme danger, having one large army in
their front and another almost as large as theirs in their rear near
Fredericksburg. But Lee decided to make one great and decisive blow
at Hooker in front. During the night of May 1st Lee held council with
"Stonewall" Jackson and accepted a plan laid out by him for Jackson to
take part of the army and move around through the dense wood and rough
country and fall upon the right flank of the enemy.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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