TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE Italic text is denoted by _underscores_. A superscript is denoted by ^x, for example Gen^l. Footnote anchors are denoted by [number], and the footnotes have been placed at the end of the paragraph or table where they occur. Some minor changes to the text are noted at the end of the book. [Illustration: OFFICERS OF THE UNITED STATES BREWERS ASSOCIATION. _HENRY H. RUETER, Pres’t., Boston, Mass._ _J. AHLES, Treas., New York._ _R. KATZENMAYER, Sec’y., New York._ _H. CLAUSEN, Jr., Vice Pres’t., New York._] BEER, ITS HISTORY AND ITS ECONOMIC VALUE AS A NATIONAL BEVERAGE. BY F. W. SALEM. [Illustration: (Decorative image)] HARTFORD, CONN.: F. W. SALEM & COMPANY. 1880. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1879, by F. W. SALEM, In the office of the Librarian of Congress, Washington, D. C. THE CLARK W. BRYAN COMPANY, PRINTERS, ELECTROTYPERS AND BOOK-BINDERS, SPRINGFIELD, MASS. DEDICATION. TO THE BEER BREWERS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Thinking as I do, that in the Beer Brewers of the United States we must recognize real, though perhaps unconscious, promoters of the great and glorious cause of genuine temperance, and that greater practical results may be attained through their instrumentality than in any other way, it seems fitting that this attempt to expound the true nature and value of beer should be specially dedicated to them as a body, and accompanied with the assurance of the author’s profound respect and esteem. FREDERICK WILLIAM SALEM. HARTFORD, CONN., January, 1880. TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE PREFACE— 9 CHAPTER I—Preliminary view of the subject, 11 CHAPTER II—Early History of Beer, 16 CHAPTER III—Early History of Beer, continued, 30 CHAPTER IV—Modern History of Beer, 47 CHAPTER V—How Beer is made, and what it is, 60 CHAPTER VI—The development of ale, porter and lager beer, 68 CHAPTER VII—The condition and prospects of the beer trade, 74 CHAPTER VIII—Comparative advantages of Beer over distilled or spirituous liquors, 84