4. No beer yeast shall be hawked about the streets, but shall be all sold in the brew-houses to bakers and pastrycooks, and to no others. 5. Beer yeast brought by foreigners shall be inspected by a jury before it is exposed to sale. C. No brewer shall keep in, or about, his brew-house any cows, oxen, hogs, geese, ducks, or poultry, as being inconsistent with cleanliness. 7. There shall not be made in any brew-house more than one brewing of fifteen septiers at the most, of ground malt in a day. 8. Casks, barrels, and other vessels made to hold beer, shall be marked with the brewer’s mark, in the presence of a jury. 9. No brewer shall take away from a house he serves with beer any vessels which do not belong to him. 10. Those who sell beer by retail shall be subject to the inspection of juries. 11. No one shall be a partner but with a master brewer. 12. No master brewer shall have more than one apprentice at a time, which apprentice shall not be turned over without the consent of a jury. 13. No one shall take a partner who has quitted his master without the consent of such master. 14. A widow may employ servants in brewing, but may not take an apprentice. 15. Master brewers shall not entice away one another’s apprentices nor servants. 16. There shall be three masters elected for jurymen, two of which shall be changed every two years. 17. Such jurymen shall have the power to inspect in the city and suburbs. In addition every brewer had to pay duty, so that the king might not be defrauded, was obliged to give notice of every brewing to a commissioner, stating the day and hour he intended to kindle the fire of his boiler, under a penalty of fine and confiscation. As brewing necessitates the employment of a large quantity of grain, it was customary, in times of scarcity, for the king to put a stop to the manufacture of beer for a certain number of weeks. These rules and regulations, made more than six hundred years since, are interesting and curious to the brewers of to-day. [Illustration: JACOB VAN ARTEVELDE, “Brewer of Ghent,” Patrician, Orator and Ruler of the Province of Flanders. Killed July 17, 1345. Taken from the original oil painting in possession of Jan Van Artevelde, in Amsterdam.] In the fourteenth century the monks were the ordinary brewers, and one brewery founded by them at Dobraw near Pilsen, Bohemia, and endowed by Charles IV. shortly before his death with a prescriptive right to brew beer, is still in existence and is probably the oldest in the world. Its five hundredth anniversary was lately celebrated with great pomp, by all classes of society in that ancient city. Bohemian beer is to be ranked with the very best known, and an idea of the annual product for home and foreign consumption may be formed from the fact that there are now no less than eight hundred and eighty-seven breweries in actual operation.