Franklin, Benjamin, 1706-1790 -- Juvenile literature
A rival organization to the Junto was the newly established Philadelphia
branch of the Masons, mostly well-to-do citizens. The aim of Freemasonry
was “to promote Friendship, mutual Assistance, and Good Fellowship.”
Franklin succeeded in becoming a member by a rather sly trick, a note in
the _Gazette_ claiming knowledge of the “Masonic mysteries.” Since these
“mysteries” were supposed to be highly secret, the members were so
alarmed they invited the _Gazette’s_ editor and publisher to join their
ranks. For many years he was a leader in Masonic affairs.
He had wanted to be a Mason, but no one could persuade him to join any
church or denomination. That there was one God who made all things and
that the soul was immortal, he believed firmly. He held that “the most
acceptable service to God is doing good to man.” Since all religious
sects, in theory, preached the same, he never did see a reason to favor
one of them above others.
Within a year or so of its inception, the _Pennsylvania Gazette_ had the
largest circulation of any paper in America. Profiting from the lessons
he had learned while working for his brother James, he stressed human
interest stories and local news. He ran an article on the harsh
treatment of a ship captain to the Palatine immigrants. He published
stories on robberies and murders, was not above poking fun at the stodgy
official reports which filled the pages of Andrew Bradford’s paper, and
he took up the cudgel for the freedom of the press.
Most popular of all were his “Letters from the Readers,” many of which
he undoubtedly wrote himself. Thus “Anthony Afterwit” complained that
his wife, who wished to play the grand lady, was ruining him. “Celia
Single” scolded the _Gazette_ editor for being partial to men. “Alice
Addertongue,” another contributor, announced the opening of her shop to
sell “calumnies, slanders and other feminine wares.” He ran
advertisements, sometimes for runaway slaves (it would be some years
before he crystallized his thinking on the evil of slavery), sometimes
for a wife pleading to her husband to come home. He slipped in jokes as
a good cook adds seasoning, and he refused to let the paper be used for
personal quarrels.
In 1732, three years after launching the _Gazette_, he was ready for a
new publishing venture, his celebrated _Poor Richard’s Almanack_. There
were other almanacs published in the colonies; almanacs in fact sold
almost as well as Bibles. Soon _Poor Richard_ eclipsed them all.
Like the others, it noted holidays, changes of season, dates of fairs,
gave weather information, advised the best day to gather grapes or to
sow seeds. Interspersed with such data were proverbs, verses, witticisms
and epigrams, some original but a great many adapted from sayings of
great writers of the past, trimmed to suit an American audience:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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