In mixing the food the process is the same whatever the proportion. The bottle of milk is turned into the pitcher so that the cream will be mixed in well. It is then poured into the glass measure and, when the right amount has been secured, it is poured back into the emptied pitcher. Next is measured the boiled water or gruel, and this is then turned into the pitcher. The sugar must be measured very carefully with a tablespoon. If a level spoonful is ordered, it must be leveled off carefully with a knife. A heaping spoonful means all that the spoon will hold. Stir the mixture together—milk, gruel or water, and sugar—until the last is dissolved. Now, using the funnel to avoid waste, pour into each bottle the exact amount of this modified milk which has been prescribed for a single feeding. Cork the bottles with rolls of clean absorbent cotton, set the bottles in the wire rack, and place it in the ice-chest. As the hour for each feeding approaches, one of these bottles is taken from the ice-chest, placed in a pan of hot water, or in any patent bottle heater, to be warmed for the baby’s use. It will be seen that by following this process the milk is never touched by any hand, and if the utensils are kept immaculately clean, there can be no danger from germs or contagion. And right here a word of caution: After keeping the nipple in borax water, do not test the heat of the milk by tasting it through the nipple. Never put the baby’s nipple in your own mouth or allow any one else to do so. The food should be what is known as body temperature, and it can be tested by letting a little drop upon the bare forearm. Remember that a baby’s mouth is very tender and easily burned. Never give the baby the bottle without testing the temperature of the food. It should take about twenty minutes for the baby to drink the prescribed amount of either breast milk or artificial food. In cold weather it is a good idea to cover the bottle with a little flannel or crocheted bag, to keep it warm until the last drop is drained. Food which becomes chilled may cause colic. CHAPTER V FORMULAS FOR ARTIFICIAL FOODS FORMULAS FOR MODIFYING MILK—MILK SUGAR, CANE SUGAR, OR MALT SUGAR—HOW TO TELL WHEN THE BABY IS PROPERLY NOURISHED—LIME WATER IN THE MILK—CONDENSED MILK—PATENT FOODS Formulas for the preparation of artificial food for infants will some day form a vital feature in the practical education of girls for motherhood. Chemistry, physiology and dietetics, all subjects which are taught to young women in high schools and colleges, will contribute to a better understanding of this very important subject.