Jonathan's Policy.--Basis of Agreement With the Syrians.--Concessions to Jonathan.--His Conquests.--Simon's Achievements.--His Strong and Prosperous Rule.--Growth of the Two Rival Parties.--Wars and Conquests of John Hyrcanus.--Reign of Aristobulus I.--The Cruel Rule of Alexander Janneus.--The Rivalry of Parties Under Alexandra.--The Influence of Antipater.--Advance of Rome.--The Appeal to Pompey.--His Capture of the Temple.--Palestine Under the Rule of Rome.--Rebellions Led by Aristobulus and His Sons.--Antipater's Services to Rome.--Rewards for His Services.--The Parthian Conquest.--Herod Made King of the Jews.--His Policy.--His Work as a City Builder.--Herod's Temple.--The Tragedies of His Family Life.--The Popular Hopes of the Jews. XXIII. THE BACKGROUND OF JESUS' CHILDHOOD AND YOUNG MANHOOD 236 The Short Reign of Archelaus.--The Roman Province of Judea.--Territory and Character of Herod Antipas.--Philip's Territory.--The Decapolis.--Place of Jesus' Birth.--Situation of Nazareth.--Its Central Position.--View from the Heights above the City.--The Spring at Nazareth.--Roads to Jerusalem.--Jesus' Educational Opportunities.--Scene of John the Baptist's Early Life.--Field of His Activity.--The Baptism of Jesus.--Machærus, Where John the Baptist Was Beheaded.--Effect of John's Death Upon Jesus.--Jesus' Appearance. XXIV. THE SCENES OF JESUS' MINISTRY 247 Why Jesus Made Capernaum His Home.--Site of Capernaum.--Archælogical Evidence.--Ruins at Tell Hum.--Testimony of the Gospels and Josephus.--Statements of Early Pilgrims.--Site of Chorazin.--Bethsaida.--Probable Scene of the Feeding of the Multitudes.--The Night Voyage of the Disciples.--Places Where Jesus Taught His Disciples.--Northern End of the Sea of Galilee.--Contrast Between Its Northern and Southern Ends.--Jesus' Visit to the Gadarene Territory.--The Chief Field of Jesus' Ministry.--Journey to Phœnicia.--At Cæsarea Philippi.--The Journey Southward from Galilee.--At Jericho.--Situation of Bethany.--The Triumphal Entrance Into Jerusalem.--Jesus' Activity in the Temple.--The Last Supper and Agony.--Scenes of the Trials.--Traditional Place of the Crucifixion.--The More Probable Site.--The Place of Burial. XXV. THE SPREAD OF CHRISTIANITY THROUGHOUT THE ROMAN EMPIRE 264