Birds and Nature, Vol. 12 No. 1 [June 1902]: Illustrated by Color PhotographyVarious
History
Birds and Nature, Vol. 12 No. 1 [June 1902]: Illustrated by Color Photography
Various
Birds -- Periodicals; Natural history -- Periodicals
The following account, published in the Evening Register, of New Haven,
Conn., April 3, 1884, will serve as an example of the destructive habits
of these animals: “It was reported yesterday that between November 1,
1883, and the close of navigation in December, there were caught on
oyster beds adjoining the Bridgeport public beds about 15,000 bushels of
starfish. Since October 1 they have destroyed over 900 acres. From six
to ten steamers have been catching starfish during the past six months,
at an expense of $5,000.”
When oystermen first knew of the destruction caused by the starfishes,
they spent much time and labor in collecting the injurious animals,
cutting off an arm or two and then throwing the mutilated body and
dismembered arms back into the water, not knowing that the arms would
grow out again. The animals are now collected and used as a fertilizer.
The interesting power of reproducing lost arms is well illustrated on
the plate, the individual figured having one perfect arm and four new
ones just starting to grow.
The method of eating among some of the common starfishes is curious.
When the shell of an oyster is too large to be swallowed, the starfish
actually projects its stomach from its mouth, surrounds the shell with
this everted organ, and digests its prey in this position. The sight
presented in an aquarium by a number of these animals in this attitude
is truly wonderful and odd. Another interesting performance of a member
of this group is that of righting itself when placed on its back. This
is performed in the following manner: One or more of the rays is twisted
about until the sucking feet get a firm hold on the ground or the object
upon which it is resting; this is followed by a succession of similar
movements farther back in the row of ambulacra, so that the whole ray is
finally twisted around and lies flat on the ground. The other arms then
turn in a similar manner and the starfish is soon “right side up.”
Though hidden away in dark corners of the sea, the starfish is able to
see, being quite well supplied with visual organs. The end of each ray
is slightly turned up and at its summit is situated a little red eye. A
long nerve extends from this eye-spot to the ring of nerve matter which
surrounds the mouth.
The Atlantic and Pacific coasts abound in several species of interesting
starfishes, several of which are illustrated on the plate. The most
numerous of these is the common five-finger (Asterias forbesii), found
abundantly on the shores of the New England states. This animal loves to
hide among the rocks and seaweed, and a search at low tide will always
reveal a host of them. Along the sandy shores of Narragansett Bay they
may be collected at low water among the seaweed, where they feed upon
bivalve mollusks, such as cockles, arks and clams.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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