Birds from North Borneo: University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History, Volume 17, No. 8, pp. 377-433, October 27, 1966Thompson, Max C.
Science
Birds from North Borneo: University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History, Volume 17, No. 8, pp. 377-433, October 27, 1966
Thompson, Max C.
Birds -- Malaysia -- Sabah
The avifauna in the moss forest 5.5 miles southwest of Tenom was unusual
in that 45.4 per cent consisted of Lowland species; this locality lies
4,000 feet above sea level, yet only 27.3 per cent of its species were
Submontane and 27.3 per cent Montane. If one looks at these figures from
the standpoint of the actual importance of the three groups at this
place, however, a different picture emerges. Some of the Lowland species
were seen only once while I was there and few were common, while all of
the Submontane and most of the Montane forms were more or less common.
SEASONALITY OF BREEDING
_The breeding season in North Borneo._--Birds in the Quoin Hill area of
eastern Borneo seem to breed most commonly in June, July, and August.
Table 2 lists 34 of the more common species at Quoin Hill for which
evidence on breeding was available. The actual evidence was provided by
females with active brood patches or active ovaries, males with enlarged
testes, birds in juvenal plumage, or birds actively in annual molt. From
such data dates of presumed breeding were extrapolated. In Table 2, the
solid black lines indicate dates for which both male and female were in
breeding condition. The dotted lines indicate enlarged testes but no
evidence of breeding in females. In the bottom line of Table 2, the
figures indicate the percentage of the population breeding in any one
month. For instance, 2.9 per cent of the birds were breeding in March,
but 73 per cent were breeding in June. Rainfall records from the Cocoa
Research Station from April, 1959, to December, 1964, were available to
me. These data, along with the average for each month, are given in
Table 3. There appears to be little correlation between rainfall and
breeding season at Quoin Hill. A true dry season in the Quoin Hill area
does not occur, but monthly rainfall has varied from 0.57 inches to
21.27 inches in a single year.
TABLE 2.--Seasonality of common breeding birds at Quoin Hill. Solid
lines indicate times of occurrence of known breeding; dotted lines
represent times of presumed breeding.
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