2. An argument allied to the above, yet one which must be distinguished carefully from it, deserves close scrutiny. It is to the effect that quite apart from military considerations the practice of Birth Control in a country is capable of acquiring in a short time such universality that the population may decrease, and eventually dwindle to proportions which would place that country, whatever its status, in a position of a second or third-rate power. From history the approximate generalization can be made that prolific races get the better of infertile races in the struggle, first for existence, and then at a later stage, for power. This generalization is likely to hold good in an economic sphere. Thus a graphic picture has been drawn of what will happen to England, in the matter of its population, if it follows in the wake of France. It will come to assume the proportions of an insignificant little island in the North Sea, the possessor, actually, of a mighty past, but in the present counting for nothing beside the densely peopled territories of Southern and Eastern Europe, Asia and America. Birth Control uncontrolled means race suicide. 3. There is an ‘economic’ argument against Birth Control, which itself takes two forms. In the first place it is felt, in under-populated countries like New Zealand, Australia, and perhaps to a less extent the United States, that since it is desirable in the general interests that the population should increase, it is to be preferred that this increase be effected from native-born stock rather than through the process of accretion by often undesirable aliens. Hence in most under-populated countries, Birth Control is opposed. In the second place it is probably felt (though probably not admitted) by the Governments of those capitalistic countries confronted with a labour problem, which are at the same time desirous of limiting immigration, that the unrestricted multiplication of their working classes, by causing a competition for wages, will create a cheap labour market. It is highly unlikely that this view has much weight here, though it may easily be otherwise in the United States, where the labour problem is acute and where it is universally desired to limit coloured immigration and immigration from South-Eastern Europe. 4. There is an argument against Birth Control, which has special reference to the position of this country as the original founder of a great Empire. Since most of the Dominions are still under-populated and wish their numbers to increase, and since the increase of native stock, even though fully encouraged, is unable to supply the demand for labour, it is contended that Great Britain should always be able to turn out a numerical surplus to send to the Dominions each year, which in addition to satisfying a need for better-class immigrants would serve to consolidate the racial and cultural bonds that keep the Empire together.