B. The above arguments concern the race. The remainder which follow refer primarily to the individual. 5. A ‘medical’ argument has been heard to the effect that the actual practice of Birth Control or, more precisely, the use of contraceptives, is inimical to health, being capable of causing both local disease and more general constitutional disorders. Emotional instability and various neuroses have been quoted as such products. No woman making use of a contraceptive for the first time can escape a feeling of revulsion at such a callous interference with a process that above all others should be spontaneous and instinctive. No woman can then fail to experience a sense of aversion from such a deliberate thwarting of Nature’s most fundamental purpose. 6. Very potent also, is a ‘conventional’ objection which in practice is often associated with the religious argument next to be considered, though in reality it is distinguishable from it. On these grounds it is felt that all that pertains to the province of sex is indecent, disgusting, and unfit for discussion. The topic of Birth Control is thus stigmatized as ‘immoral’ by many people of no deep religious conviction. 7. The ‘religious’ objection nowadays finds its chief exponents among the Japanese and Roman Catholics, though it is also strongly upheld by many Anglicans and others. By the Japanese, Birth Control is condemned on grounds that seem to be, partly at any rate, nationalistic. The Japanese religion, intimately connected as it is with Ancestor Cult, holds that it is the duty of every man to marry young, and to produce the largest possible number of children, especially males, who may carry on the tradition of the family and at the same time grow up into soldiers capable of fighting for the Mikado in war. By the Japanese, the Mikado is believed to be a Deity incarnate, not in the symbolical sense in which some people have thought of the divine right of kings, but in a real and vital sense, as ‘the occupant of a sacred throne which was established at the time when the heavens and the earth became separated.’ To die for him in war is the most supreme, the most glorious duty. The objection to Birth Control here would thus seem closely allied to the ‘military’ objection first advanced.