No one answer covers all reasons—Quiet request to Congress for repeal might have succeeded twenty years ago, before sensational law-breaking created prejudice—Laws defied without first attempting their repeal—Speeches and writings of early agitation not calculated to induce Congressional initiative—Struggle announced in advance as likely to be long and bitter “fight”—Shortage of funds for publicity on behalf of bill the second reason for slowness of Congress—Third and most dominant reason found to be general embarrassment over subject—Distaste, inhibition and fear, in varying degrees almost universal among Congressmen—Striking instances—Fears covered careers, colleagues, families and constituents—Fear on behalf of young girls greatest of all—Political opposition to birth control legislation misinterpreted by “radicals”—Abortive attempt in Harding presidential campaign to use his tentative interest in this bill against him—Club women afflicted with inhibitions similar to those of members of Congress—It is leaders, not members, who hold back endorsement by large organizations—Organized labor women endorse repeal ahead of club women. VI. A “DOCTORS ONLY” FEDERAL BILL 200 “Doctors only” federal bill followed straight repeal bill just as limited bills in states followed straight repeal bills—Advocated on Margaret Sanger’s initiative—Provides medical monopoly of extreme type—Arguments in its behalf analyzed and answered—Proponents of “doctors only” bill do not live up to own demands for limiting contraceptive instruction to personal service by doctors—Birth control periodical carries thinly veiled advertisements for contraceptives—Improved type of “doctors only” bill drafted by George Worthington—Not so many loopholes and inconsistencies as in first bill proposed, but still a special-privilege bill, and still leaves subject classed with obscenity—Worthless as means of curbing abuse of contraceptive knowledge—Clause permitting “reprints” from medical and scientific journals practically breaks down all restriction—Makes pretense at limitation a farce. PART THREE WHAT SORT OF LAWS DO THE PEOPLE REALLY WANT? I. DO PHYSICIANS WANT A “DOCTORS ONLY” BILL? 219