of them recovered. Of a series of control animals, which were not transfused, nearly all died. Most writers on the subject have recommended that as much blood be taken from the patient by venesection as is to be replaced by transfusion. On theoretical grounds this seems to be sound, though it is not supported by the results of Burmeister’s experiments. Nevertheless, in a recent series of seven cases reported by Bruce Robertson, in which 1,000 cc. of blood were removed and the same amount given by transfusion, satisfactory results were obtained. If no venesection is done, there is some risk that the transfusion may put an additional load upon an already over-strained right heart, so that a preliminary venesection is certainly a wise precaution. Transfusion should not be withheld until the patient is _in extremis_; if no oxygen chamber is available, it should be given at once. A minimum amount of 750 cc. of blood should be taken by venesection, and 1,000 cc. of blood should be given. If the patient’s condition does not then show enough improvement, this should be repeated. =Nitrobenzol and Benzol Poisoning.=--Blood transfusion for poisoning with nitro-benzol (C_{6}H_{5}NO_{2}) has been recommended by Hindse-Nielsen, who records a case in which it was successfully employed. The patient, a girl of 19, had taken a tablespoonful of the poison several hours before, and her condition appeared to be hopeless. She was deeply cyanosed, the mucous membranes being of a dark blue colour. Washing out the stomach and inhalation of oxygen were tried without effect. Finally she was bled to the extent of 600 cc., and 1,000 cc. of citrated blood were injected. Her colour at once became more normal and recovery followed. The literature does not contain records of any other cases treated in this way, but the condition is analogous to coal-gas poisoning referred to in the last paragraph, oxyhæmoglobin being in this case replaced by methhæmoglobin, and its treatment by transfusion has, therefore, a rational basis. A somewhat similar condition is seen in benzol poisoning, though there is an additional destruction of red blood cells. Three cases treated by transfusion have been reported by McClure. One patient, whose red blood cells had been reduced to 1,460,000 per cmm., was extremely ill, but recovered after five transfusions up to a total amount of 1,500 cc. =Diabetes.=--Blood transfusion has been used in treating diabetes mellitus, but there is no evidence to show that it is of any service. Ottenberg and Libmann transfused four patients who were already in diabetic coma, but no improvement resulted. Another patient who was transfused by Raulston was actually made worse, as was indicated by an increased output of sugar, acetone, and ammonia compounds.