There are, however, those who consider that the use of whole blood, instead of blood which has been chemically treated, has advantages which outweigh the possible disadvantages mentioned above. Two methods of using whole blood are, therefore, described first; the use of anticoagulants is then described in detail, and their advantages and possible dangers are enlarged upon. =Whole Blood Transfusion with Syringes.=--It is obvious that, if blood can be drawn from the donor’s vein into a glass syringe and injected into the recipient so rapidly that clotting has no time to occur, then a transfusion of any quantity of blood that may be wished can be given by this simple means. The measure of the amount of blood transfused is given by the number of syringes that have been filled and emptied. This method has been successfully used by several workers, and it has the advantage that no very special apparatus is necessary. It does, however, require that several syringes, and more than one assistant, should be available, since clotting will take place in the syringes, unless they be frequently washed out. There is also the possibility that clotting may take place in the needle which is introduced into the donor’s vein, since this cannot be withdrawn and replaced for each syringeful of blood that is transferred. With practice, however, and with good assistants, the process can be done quickly enough to avoid this. Wide-bore needles with short rubber connexions are introduced into the veins of donor and recipient; if, as often happens, this is difficult to do through the skin in the case of the recipient, his vein must first be exposed through an incision and a glass or metal cannula introduced into it. The operator then fills the syringes with blood in quick succession and hands them to his first assistant, who injects the blood into the recipient. Blood is prevented from escaping from the needles when the syringes are disconnected by nipping the rubber connexions with the fingers. The first assistant passes the empty syringes to the second assistant, who washes them out with normal saline, and hands them back if needed to the operator. This can be done with six 20 cc. syringes used in rotation, possibly with only four.