Bodily changes in pain, hunger, fear, and rage : $b an account of recent researches into the function of emotional excitementCannon, Walter B. (Walter Bradford)
Science
Bodily changes in pain, hunger, fear, and rage : $b an account of recent researches into the function of emotional excitement
Cannon, Walter B. (Walter Bradford)
Emotions; Mental health; Mind and body
In this procedure a glass cannula was fastened in one of the
external jugular veins and filled with the same solution as that to
be injected. A short rubber tube was attached and tightly clamped
close to the glass. Later, for the injection, the syringe needle
was inserted through the rubber and into the fluid in the cannula,
the clip on the vein was removed, and the injection made.
The solutions employed intravenously were adrenin 1:10,000, 1:50,000,
and 1:100,000, in distilled water.
The smallest amount which produced any change in clotting time was
0.1 cubic centimeter of a dilution of 1:100,000 in a cat weighing
two kilos, a dose of 0.0005 milligram per kilo. Four tests previous
to the injection averaged 5 minutes, and none was shorter than 4
minutes. Immediately after the injection the time was 2 minutes, but
at the next test the effect had disappeared. Doubling the dose in
the same cat--i. e., giving 0.2 cubic centimeter (0.001 milligram
per kilo)--shortened the coagulation time for about 40 minutes:
Dec. 23. 10.30--4 minutes
.35--4 “
.41--4 “
.46 Adrenin, 0.001 milligram per kilo.
.47--2.5 minutes
.50--3 “
.53--3.5 “
11.00--1.5 “
.05--1.5 “
.10--3 “
.15--2 “
.20--4 “
.26--4.5 “
.31--5 “
From 10.47, immediately after the second injection, till 11.20 the
average time for clotting was 2.5 minutes, whereas both before
and after this period the time was 4 minutes or longer. At 11.00
o’clock and 11.05, when the end point was reached in 1.5 minutes (a
reduction of 63 per cent), a thick jelly was found on examining the
cannula. The changes in clotting time in this case are represented
graphically in Fig. 26.
[Illustration: Figure 26.--Shortening of coagulation time after
injection of adrenin, 0.2 cubic centimeter, 1:100,000, (0.001
milligram per kilo), at 10:46. In this and following Figures a
scale for coagulation time is given in minutes at the left.]
In another case a dose of 0.0005 milligram per kilo failed to produce
any change, but 0.001 milligram per kilo (0.28 cubic centimeter
of adrenin, 1:100,000, given a cat weighing 2.8 kilos) brought a
sharp decline in the record, as follows:
Jan. 9. 11.32--6 minutes
.40--6 “
.47 Adrenin, 0.001 milligram per kilo.
.48--5.5 minutes
.55--4 “
12.00--5.5 “
.06--7 “
In these instances the animals were decerebrated. For decerebrate
cats, the least amount of adrenin, intravenously, needed to produce
shortening of coagulation time is approximately 0.001 milligram
per kilo.
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