Bodily changes in pain, hunger, fear, and rage : $b an account of recent researches into the function of emotional excitementCannon, Walter B. (Walter Bradford)
Science
Bodily changes in pain, hunger, fear, and rage : $b an account of recent researches into the function of emotional excitement
Cannon, Walter B. (Walter Bradford)
Emotions; Mental health; Mind and body
In a few experiments the brain and the cord to midthorax were
destroyed through the orbit. Artificial respiration then maintained
the animal in uniform condition. Under these circumstances, adrenin
intravenously had more lasting effects than when given to the usual
decerebrate animals with intact cord. Fig. 28 illustrates such a
case. For thirty minutes before injection the clotting time averaged
5.4 minutes. Then, about ten minutes after one cubic centimeter
of adrenin, 1:50,000, had been slowly injected, clotting began
to quicken; during the next twenty minutes the average was 3.4
minutes, and during the following forty-five minutes the average
was 1.9 minutes--only 35 per cent as long as it had been before
the injection.
[Illustration: Figure 28.--Persistent shortening of the coagulation
time after injecting (in an animal with brain and upper cord
pithed) adrenin, 1 cubic centimeter, 1:50,000 (0.02 milligram),
at 11:01-02. The dash lines represent averages.]
In another case in which the brain and upper cord were similarly
destroyed, the clotting time, which for a half-hour had averaged 3.9
minutes, was reduced by one cubic centimeter of adrenin, 1:100,000,
to an average for the next hour and forty minutes of 2.3 minutes,
with 1.5 and 3 minutes as extremes. During the first forty minutes
of this period of one hour and forty minutes of rapid clotting all
of eight tests except two showed a coagulation time of 2 minutes or
less. The explanation of this persistent rapid clotting in animals
with spinal cord pithed is not yet clear.
As indicated in Figs. 26, 27 and 28, the records of coagulation show
oscillations. Some of these ups and downs are, of course, within
the limits of error of the method, but in our experience they have
occurred so characteristically after injection of adrenin, and so
often have appeared in a rough rhythm, that they have given the
impression of being real accompaniments of faster clotting. It
may be that two factors are operating, one tending to hasten, the
other to retard the process, and that the equilibrium disturbed by
adrenin is recovered only after interaction to and fro between the
two factors.
The oscillations in coagulation time after the injections suggest
that clotting might vary with changes in blood pressure, for that
also commonly oscillates after a dose of adrenin (see, e. g., Fig.
23). Simultaneous recording of blood pressure and determining
of coagulation time have revealed that each may vary without
corresponding variation in the other. Within ordinary limits,
therefore, changes of blood pressure do not change the rate of
clotting.
The Hastening of Coagulation by Adrenin Not a
Direct Effect on the Blood
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account