Bodily changes in pain, hunger, fear, and rage : $b an account of recent researches into the function of emotional excitementCannon, Walter B. (Walter Bradford)
Science
Bodily changes in pain, hunger, fear, and rage : $b an account of recent researches into the function of emotional excitement
Cannon, Walter B. (Walter Bradford)
Emotions; Mental health; Mind and body
The variations of effect noted after splanchnic stimulation can be
accounted for by variations in the adrenin content of the glands.
Elliott[113] found, as previously stated, that animals newly brought
into strange surroundings may have a considerably reduced amount
of adrenin in their adrenals. The animals used in our experiments
had been for varying lengths of time in an animal house in which
barking dogs were also kept, and were therefore subject to influences
which would be likely to discharge the glands.
The evidence that stimulation of splanchnic nerves, with accompanying
increase of adrenal secretion, results in more rapid clotting of
blood is especially interesting in relation to the experiments
previously described, which showed that in pain and emotional
excitement there is an increased secretion of adrenin into the
blood. Does the adrenin thus liberated have any effect on the rate
of coagulation? The observations here recorded were made in order
to obtain an answer to that question.
Coagulation Hastened by “Painful” Stimulation
In the experiments on the action of stimuli which in the
unanesthetized animal would cause pain, it will be recalled that
faradic stimulation of a large nerve trunk (the stump of the cut
sciatic) and operation under light anesthesia were the methods used
to affect the afferent nerves. Elliott[114] found that repeated
excitation of the sciatic nerve was especially efficient in
exhausting the adrenal glands of their adrenin content, and also
that this reflex persisted after removal of the cerebral hemispheres.
It was to be expected, therefore, that with well-stored glands,
sciatic stimulation, even in the decerebrate animal, would call
forth an amount of adrenal secretion which would decidedly hasten
clotting. The following case illustrates such a result:
Dec. 12.--A cat was anesthetized with ether at 3.45 and the left
sciatic nerve was bared. Decerebration was completed at 3.57. The
clotting time of the blood began to be tested six minutes later:
4.03--4 minutes
.08--3.5 “
.13--3.5 “
.18--4.5 “
.23 to .25 Stimulation of left sciatic.
4.26--2.5 minutes
.29--3.5 “
.34--4 “
.40--5 “
.45 to .50 Stimulation of left sciatic.
4.53--2.5 minutes
.57--7 “
5.06--7.5 “
.15 to .17 Stimulation of left sciatic.
5.17--4 minutes
.22--4.5 “
.27--5.5 “
.36--5.5 “
.46--7 “
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