Bodily changes in pain, hunger, fear, and rage : $b an account of recent researches into the function of emotional excitementCannon, Walter B. (Walter Bradford)
Science
Bodily changes in pain, hunger, fear, and rage : $b an account of recent researches into the function of emotional excitement
Cannon, Walter B. (Walter Bradford)
Emotions; Mental health; Mind and body
2.08--6 minutes
.15--4 “ Anesthesia light.
.20--2 “
.24--1 “ Etherization begun again.
.27--2.5 “
.30--3.5 “
.35--5.5 “
.50--5.5 “
In the foregoing and in other similar instances, a condition of
surgical injury, whether just made or being made, was accompanied
by more rapid clotting of blood when the degree of anesthesia was
lessened. This condition was one which, if allowed to go further in
the same direction, would result in pain. Both direct electrical
stimulation and also surgical operation of a nature to give pain in
the unanesthetized animal result, therefore, in faster clotting.
It is worthy of note that after decerebration clotting apparently
occurred no faster because the abdomen had been opened, although
in the decerebrate state etherization was suspended. The mechanism
for reflex control of the adrenals may not be higher than the
corpora quadrigemina, as Elliott has shown, but the discharge from
the glands seems to be more certain to occur when the cerebrum is
present and is permitted even slightly to operate.
Coagulation Hastened in Emotional Excitement
The evidence for emotional secretion of the adrenal glands has
already been presented. As was noted in my earlier observations on
the motions of the alimentary canal (see p. 14), cats differ widely
in their emotional reaction to being bound; some, especially young
males, become furious; others, especially elderly females, take the
experience quite calmly. This difference of attitude was used with
positive results, the reader will recall, in the experiments on
emotional glycosuria; there seemed a possibility likewise of using
it to test the effect of emotions on blood clotting. To plan formal
experiments for that purpose was not necessary, because in the
ordinary course of the researches here reported, the difference in
effects on the blood between the violent rage of vigorous young males
and the quiet complacency of old females was early noted. Indeed,
the rapid clotting which accompanied excitement not infrequently
made necessary an annoying wait till slower clotting would permit
the use of experimental methods for shortening the process.
The animals used on November 11 and 13 (see pp. 175, 176) are
examples of calm acceptance of being placed on the holder;
and furthermore, these animals were anesthetized without much
disturbance. As the figures indicate, the clotting from the first
occurred at about the average rate.
In sharp contrast to these figures are those obtained when a vigorous
animal is angered:
Oct. 30.--A very vigorous cat was placed on the holder at 9.08.
It at once became stormy, snarling, hissing, biting, and lashing
its big tail. At 9.12 etherizing was begun and that intensified
the excitement. By 9.15 the femoral artery was tied. The clotting
time of the blood for an hour after the ether was first given was
as follows:
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