HISTORY OF BRAZIL 10 Discovery—Henry the Navigator—Search for Cathay—Captain Cabral—Duarte Coelho—The Capitanias—Ramalho and Caramarú—São Paulo, Bahia and Pernambuco—The Jesuits—Mamelucos—First Entradas—The Sertão—The Bandeirantes—Raposo—Fernão Dias—Gold and Diamonds—Destruction of the Missions—Brazil under Spain— Corsairs—The Dutch in North Brazil—Portugal regains Independence—Evacuation by Dutch—The French in Rio—Interior Mines and Settlement—The Marquis de Pombal—Expulsion of Jesuits—Dom João in Brazil—Dom Pedro I—Independent Monarchy— Dom Pedro II—Abolition of Slavery—Republic. CHAPTER II COLONIZATION 56 Group Immigration Planned—Swiss in Nova Friburgo—First Germans in Rio Grande—Petropolis and Blumenau—Joinville— German Emigration Forbidden—Portuguese Colonies—Parceria System—French and Alsatians—North Americans—Santa Barbara and the Consul—New Italian Stream—Colonos and the Patronato Agricola—Poles and Russians—Conditions of Settlement in São Paulo—Present Status of Colonies—Japanese at Iguape—Numbers of Immigrants entering Brazil—Future Immigration—Best Points of Settlement—Class needed. CHAPTER III SOCIAL CONDITIONS 76 Brazilian Courtesy—European Influence—Titles—Dominating Class—Fazendeiros and Commerciantes—Mixed Blood and the Labouring Classes—Bacharelismo—The Sertanejo—Life in the Interior—Festas—The Tropeiro—Lotteries—The Bicho—Coffee Drinking—Religion—Saints’ Days—Ceremonies—Position of Women— The Brazilian Girl and Wife—City Life—Literature—Novels— Poets—The Stage—The Press—Influence of Blood, European and African—Negro Cooking and Folklore—The Native Brazilian— Pottery and Weaving—Ideas and Ability—Work of Rondon—Fate of the Indian—Education—Brazil not Revolutionary—The A. B. C. Treaty. CHAPTER IV