Caxambú, 315. Caxias, 153, 155, 249. Ceará, capitania of, 19, 86; droughts in, 152; railways, 152; labour from, 184, 197, 198; cattle, 218; lace, 254, 274; factories, 271; debt, 297; exports, 319; area, 324. Central Railway, 141, 144, 145, 146, 261. Centro Industrial, 227, 271, 272. Cereals, 248–252. Chaves, Alfredo, colony of, 249. Cincinato Braga, 217. Ciudad Real, 23, 24, 28. Clarke’s shoe factories, 290. Class distinctions, 79, 80. Climate, contrasts, 4; variety of soil and climate, 6; suited to immigrants, 73; effect on roads, 128, 216, 217, 248, 274. Coal, used, 146; mining, 263. Coats’ cotton mill, 290. Coconut oil factory, 275. Coelho, Duarte, 14, 15, 20. Coffee drinking, 88. Coffee industry, 167–180; coffee exports, 175. Colonization, Ch. 2, p. 56. Columbus, 13. Commerce, exterior, 316. Commerciantes, 81. Companhia de Viação S. Paulo-Matto Grossi, 136. Companhia do Commercio do Brazil, 42. Companhia Frigorifica e Pastoril, 140. Comtists, 91. Conde d’Eu railway, 151. Conference, 228, 270. Conquista, 149. Conspiracy of Minas, 49. Copaiva, (Copahyba), 39, 313. Corcovado, 4. Correia de Sá, 44. Corsairs, 35. Corumbá, railway to, 135, 136. Cory Coal Co., 165, 290, 322. Cotton, raw, export of, 226, 227; weaving, 268–273; industry, 219–234. Court of Cartago, 121, 122. Couto de Magalhães, 108. Cozinha bahiana, 108. Cratheus, 152. Cruz, Dr. Oswaldo, 106, 195. Cubatão, old road to, 126; dye factory, 273. Curityba, 68, 127, 133, 139, 235. Curralinho, 144. Currency, system, 281, 282. Curvello, 144. Cuyabá, 33, 46, 159, 160, 324. D Defesa da Borracha, 193, 206. Diamantina, 33, 144. Diamonds, 259, 317. Dois Irmãos Mountains, 117. Dom João, 50. Dom Pedro I, 51. Dom Pedro II, 52, 53. Dona Anna Pimentel, 208. Donatarios, 19, 44. Dona Thereza (colony in Pará), 58. Drugs, 311, 314. Duarte Coelho, 14, 15, 20. Duder, 290. Dumont coffee estates, 168. Dutch, seizure of coast, 35; West India Co., 38; establishment in Pernambuco, 38–41; result of occupation, 42. Dutra, Dr. Firma, 136. Dyes, 272, 273. E Education, 115–118. Electric power, Paulo Affonso falls, 155; used for manufacturing, 265, 270; falls available, 273. Elpidio de Salles, 157. Emancipated colonies, 71. Emboabas, Guerra dos, 47. Empire established, 52; abolished, 53. Engenho Novo, 60. Entradas, 24, 25. Erechim, 72. Esperanza, Porto, 136. Espirito Santo State, mines, 30; early history, 36, 43; colonies, 60, 61, 62, 71; railroads, 148, 149; coffee, 178; monazite sands, 262; factories, 271; debt, 291, 292. Estação da Luz, 131. Estacio de Sá, 44. Estrella, 62, 63. Euclydes da Cunha, 193. Export taxes of States, 302, 303. External debts of States and Cities, 291, 292.