R Railroads, construction, 129; Great Western, 130, 151, 152; S. Paulo Railway, 131–133; Paranaguá, 133; links with other republics, 135, 136; Northwestern, 135, 136; Rio Grande, 137; Santa Catharina, 139; in S. Paulo, 139–141; Minas, 144; from Rio, 146, 147; Espirito Santo, 148, 149; Bahia, 149, 150; Sergipe, 150; Pernambuco, 151, 152; other northern States, 152, 153; Pará, 153; Madeira-Mamoré, 154; lines passing falls, 154, 155; operation systems, 156, 157; Federal and private control, 157, 158; railways projected, 159–161. Raiz da Serra, 130. Ramalho, João, 18, 21. Rapadura, 241. Raposo, Antonio, 27–29. Recife, 105, 151, 298. Religion, 89–92. República de Piritinim, 58. Republic inaugurated, 53. Ribeiro, João, 27, 28. Riberão Preto, 141. Rio Branco, Barão de, 119; Visconde de, 81, 106. Rio de Janeiro city, 4, 5, 6, 43, 44, 50, 51, 54, 76, 85, 97, 104, 127, 137, 260. Rio de Janeiro State, 60; sugar growing, 244; factories, 265. Rio Grande do Norte, 41, 86, 241, 271, 298. Rio Grande do Sul, Spanish in, 25, 47; colonization, 72; land, 73; wine, 88; Germans, 117, 118; railways, 137, 138; docks, 138; pastures, 141; tobacco, 246, 248; wheat, 248–251; coal, 263; exports, 320; Rio Grande city, 137. Rio Negro, colony in Paraná, 58, 138, 139; Negro River, 159, 185, 202. Rio Pardo colony, 62. Rocha Pombo, 26. Romero, Sylvio, 107, 108. Roncador, 141. Rondon, Colonel Candido, 48, 106, 112, 129, 273. Rodrigues, José Carlos, 106. Rua do Ouvidor, 105. Rubber, 180–208; table of prices, 188; world’s crop, 205; factories, 206, 207. Russian settlers, 68, 72; carters of Paraná, 129. S Sabará mines, 31. Sabaúna, 70. Salt industry, 274. Salto Grande, line to, 136. Salutaris, 315. Sampaio, historian, 26. Santa Anna do Livramento, 141. Santa Barbara, 64, 65. Santa Catharina, land, 73; roads, 128; railways, 138, 141; cereals, 249; coal mines, 263; factories, 270; debt, 298. Santa Isabel, colony, 58. Santarem, 64, 159, 162. Santo André, 22, 23. Santos, 133. São Bernardo, 22, 70. São Felix, 150, 247. São Francisco, river, gold-miners’ route, 46, 124; projected railway, 129; railway passing falls, 155. São João del Rey mine, 259. São Leopoldo, colony, 57. São Lourenço, 315. São Luis, 153. São Luiz, 324. São Paulo, City, 6; settlement, 18, 19, 23, 28, 29, 32, 34; wealth, 67; social life, 97; newspapers, 104; schools, 115, 116, 117; Pure Coffee Company, 179; railroads, 131, 132, 133, 135, 137, 141, 145; factories, 265, 267, 268, 269.