In his epic he underwent the influence of Gonçalves Dias, as did Manoel de Araujo Porto-Alegre (1806-1879) in his _Brazilianas_ (1863). This noted painter was also affected by the free metrical structure of the _Suspiros_ of Magalhães, as he revealed in _A voz da Natureza_ of 1835. The boresome epic _Colombo_, seeking inspiration in the great discoverer, is commendable for imagination rather than truly creative poetry. Gonçalves Dias is more lyrical in spirit than Magalhães, who was rather the meditative worshipper. The poet of nature was the first to reveal to Brazilians in its full significance the pride of nationality, to such an extent, indeed, that his “Americanism” became a blind hostility toward Europe as being only a source of evil to the new continent. In him flowed the blood of all three races that make up the Brazilian blend and he has celebrated each of the strains,--the Indian in _Os Tymbiras_, _Poema Americano_, the African in _A Escrava_, the Portuguese in the _Sextilhas de Frei Antão_. To this blend Carvalho, not without justice, attributes the inner turmoil of the poet’s soul. He is religious in his patriotism, just as Magalhães is patriotic in his religion, but if his aversion to Europe is unreasoning, his patriotism is not a blind flag-waving: A patria é onde quer a vida temos Sem penar e sem dor; Onde rostos amigos nos rodeam, Onde temos amor; Onde vozes amigas nos consolam, Na nossa desventura, Onde alguns olhos chorarão doridos Na erma sepultura.[3] It is with the name of Gonçalves Dias that “Indianism” in Brazilian poetry is most closely associated. As we have already seen, Verissimo indicates an important difference between this “second” type and the first that appeared in the epics of the Mineira poets. The native was exalted not so much for his own sake as by intense reaction against the former oppressors of the nation. As early as the date of Brazil’s declaration of Independence (September 7, 1822), numerous families had foresworn their Portuguese patronymics and adopted indigenous names; idealization in actual life could not go much farther. In literature such Indianism, as in the case of Gonçalves Dias, could serve the purpose of providing a highly colourful background for the poetic exploitation of the native scene.