Breaking the Outer Ring: Marine Landings in the Marshall IslandsChapin, John C. (John Carsten)
History
Breaking the Outer Ring: Marine Landings in the Marshall Islands
Chapin, John C. (John Carsten)
United States. Marine Corps -- History -- World War, 1939-1945; World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Marshall Islands
With the elapse of all this time (96 hours instead of the 24 hours
expected), General Watson was forced to alter his plans for the final
phase of the operation: the assault on Parry. He brought down from
Engebi the 1st and 2d Battalions of the 22d Marines, pulled that
regiment’s other (3d) battalion off Eniwetok, and designated them for
the landing on Parry.
Amidst all of this purposeful activity, the ludicrous side of war
emerged in one episode. A U.S. float plane moored in the lagoon, and
a boat was sent to take off the crew. Coming alongside, the boat
cleverly managed to capsize the plane.
[Illustration:
Department of Defense Photo (Navy) 217679
_Waves of amtracs, each one crammed with Marines uncertain of what they
will find when they hit the beach, churn in for the assault of Engebi
on 18 February 1944. They are hoping to find an enemy dazed by the
preparatory artillery fire._]
The exact timing of an amphibious assault is a crucial decision based
on a delicate balancing of a host of factors, such as the condition of
the troops and their equipment, provision of fire support, etc. General
Watson decided to hold off the landing on Parry until D plus 5 (22
February). An official report explained the reasons for the delay:
(a) To rehabilitate and reorganize [the battalion of the 22d
Marines] which had been in action for three successive days.
(b) To reembark, repair, and service medium tanks and rest their
crews.
(c) To make light tanks, which were still engaged on Eniwetok,
available for the assault on Parry Island if required.
(d) To provide one [battalion] of the 106th Infantry as support
reserve in the event it was required.
(e) To allow additional time for the air and surface bombardment of
Parry.
Awaiting the amtracs of the 22d Marines, the Japanese commander on the
island issued a very succinct order to his troops:
At the edge of the water scatter and divide the enemy infantry
in their boats--attack and annihilate each one. Launch cleverly
prepared powerful quick thrusts and vivid sudden attacks, and after
having attacked and having destroyed the enemy landing forces,
first of all, then scatter and break up their groups of boats and
ships. In the event that the enemy succeeds in making a landing
annihilate him by means of night attacks.
The enemy plans to “annihilate” failed. For two days before the Marine
assault, the Navy had moved its big guns in as close as 850 yards
offshore and pounded the defenders with 944 tons of shells. This was
supplemented by artillery fire from the neighboring islands and rocket
fire from the gunboats as the Marines went in. This rain of shells
crept ahead of the tanks and infantrymen as they tenaciously slogged
their way across the island.
[Illustration:
ENIWETOK
(DOWNSIDE)
ATOLL
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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