CHAPTER V THE SHELL KEEP 64 CHAPTER VI THE RECTANGULAR KEEP 76 CHAPTER VII THE CYLINDRICAL KEEP 101 CHAPTER VIII THE CONCENTRIC CASTLE 110 CHAPTER IX THE CASTELLATED MANSION 147 CHAPTER X THE CASTLES OF SCOTLAND 173 CHAPTER XI THE SIEGE AND DEFENCE OF A MEDIEVAL CASTLE 188 INDEX 201 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS FULL PAGE IN COLOUR 1. Bodiam Castle, Sussex _Frontispiece_ One of the most picturesque ruins in Sussex and the most interesting of its class in the Kingdom. It was erected by a veteran of Agincourt and is based upon the plan of those existing in Gascony at that time. Only the encircling walls and towers now remain, the interior having been despoiled. The view shows the Gateway and a portion of the defences of the Causeway across the Moat. FACING PAGE 2. Maiden Castle, Dorsetshire 9 This gigantic earthwork looms darkly in the distance, with indications upon its broken outline of the enormous mounds and fosses which render it one of the most impressive examples of its class. As a work of Neolithic man it commands attention, both by reason of the vastness of its plan and the skill shown in the design. 3. Pevensey Castle, Sussex 16 Within the Roman walls encircling this ancient site a Concentric Castle was erected during the time of Edward I., a short portion of the existing wall being used for the new building. It was partly surrounded by a moat, a part of which appears in the view, while the drum tower occupying the centre is one of those designed to protect the approach to the Castle. 4. The Beauchamp Tower, Tower of London 25 This building affords an interesting example of the ground floor of a tower of the thirteenth century with massive walls and deep embrasures. It became famous as a prison in Tudor times and later when numerous notable persons were incarcerated; the carvings on the walls reveal many notable names. 5. Corfe Castle, Dorsetshire 32 The scattered ruins of the great Castle of Corfe owe their present appearance to the "slighting" by gunpowder in 1646, after its capture by the Parliamentarians. Amid the desolation produced the great Keep still rears a massive front towards the sky, as if protesting against the indignity. The Gateway to the inner Bailey is nearly perfect, and the smooth ashlar of many of the circular towers remains wonderfully preserved.