6. The Tower of London 49 The three lines of defence which render the Tower one of the most effective Concentric Castles in this country are well seen in the illustration. The outer encircling walls, the higher curtain wall of the second defence, with one of the many towers which bestride it, and the innermost of all, the White Tower, the finest example of a Norman Keep in England, may be distinctly located. 7. Kenilworth Castle, Warwickshire 56 Although deprived of the charm of the great Moat which once surrounded the Castle, Kenilworth still forms a beautiful object, magnificent in its decay. The halo of romance hangs over these ruins, and speaks eloquently of the Barons' War, and of the 'spacious days' of Queen Elizabeth. 8. Arundel Castle, Sussex 73 This massive pile, overlooking the little river Arun at its base, stands upon a spur of chalk which once bore a Motte and Bailey Castle. The Motte is now crowned by a Shell Keep, seen towards the right of the picture, while some of the other buildings erected upon the enceinte form an effective group in the centre. 9. Dover Castle, Kent 80 The great Keep dominates the view, with the buildings of its fore-court at the base, while below are seen the towers and massive defences of the formidable entrance to the Castle. It is one of the most impressive piles to be seen in the British Isles, and never fails to impress the foreigner when approaching it from the coast of France. 10. Rochester Castle, Kent 89 Of Rochester Castle nothing of importance remains except the great Keep and fragments of walls. The Norman Keep was erected in the reign of Henry I. (1100-1135) and is one of the finest now in existence. It has seen many troublous times in its varied history, chiefly at the hands of King John and Simon de Montfort. The combination of Keep, Cathedral, and river presented in the view is particularly pleasing. 11. Richmond Castle, Yorkshire 96 This lordly Castle occupies a commanding position in the romantically beautiful valley of the Swale and dates back to the Norman period. The Keep is a salient feature and exemplifies in a remarkable degree nearly all the characteristics inherent in buildings of this class. The Norman hall is one of the best preserved of its type to be found in this country. 12. Carnarvon Castle, Carnarvonshire 105