Footnote 120: _E.g._ Sinai = Hagar (Gal. iv. 24-31); also Claudius = ὁ κατέχων (2 Thess. ii. 6, 7); Hausrath, _Life and Times of Jesus_, vol. i. p. 77. Footnote 121: Derenbourg, _Hist. de la Palestine d’après les Talmuds_, pp. 159, 202. Footnote 122: Wellhausen, _The Pharisees and Sadducees_, pp. 8, 26-43; Greifswald, 1874. Footnote 123: Jos. _Antiq._ xiii. 5. 9, xv. 10. 4, 5; _Bell. Jud._ ii. 8. 2, 14. Footnote 124: Keim, _Jesus of Nazara_, vol. i. p. 392. Footnote 125: Delitzsch, _Jesus and Hillel_, pp. 31 _seq._; Pirké Abôth, Cambridge, 1877, _passim_. Footnote 126: Jos. _Antiq._ xvii. 4. Footnote 127: Philo, _Quod omnis Probus Liber_, p. 12. Footnote 128: Bühler, _Ind. Ant._ vol. vii. p. 143; Jacobi, “Mahâvira and his Predecessors,” _Ind. Ant._ vol. viii. pp. 311-314; Kern, _History of Buddhism in India_, vol. i. p. 143; Colebrooke’s _Essays_, vol. i. p. 380. Footnote 129: See “Jainism,” by Dr. Shoolbred—Report of the Missionary Conference, 1888, vol. i. p. 41; Wilson’s _Essays_, vol. i. p. 427 _seq._ Footnote 130: “Sramana,” in Brahman speech, was a man who performed hard penances, from _sram_, to work hard. There is another Sanscrit root, _sam_, to quiet, and from it afterwards the popular etymology derived the word. See Professor Max Müller’s translation of the Dhammapada in _Sacred Books of the East_, vol. x. p. 65 _note_. Footnote 131: There seems to have been four great divisions of Sramanas, with as many as sixty-three philosophical systems represented by them. The Brahmanas were also similarly divided. See Sutta Nipâta, _Sacred Books of the East_, vol. xi. Part ii. pp. 15, 16, 88, 93. Footnote 132: Oldenberg, _Buddha, etc._, p. 71. Footnote 133: See _Year-Book of Protestant Theology_ for 1883 for an account of the views of Professor Loman of Amsterdam. Footnote 134: M. Senart, _Legend of Buddha_, Paris, 1875; Kern, _History of Buddhism in India_: Schoebel. _Buddh. Actes de la Soc. Philol._; Paris, 1874, vol iv. pp. 160 _seq._ Footnote 135: Annual Report of the Asiatic Society; Paris, July 1875. Footnote 136: Cunningham, _Ancient Geog. of India_, vol. i. p. 147; Oldenberg, _Buddha, etc._, p. 95; Beal, _Chinese Buddhism_, p. 67. Footnote 137: “Mâra eat le démon de l’amour, du péché et de la mort,” says Burnouf in his _Introduction to the Study of Indian Buddism_, p. 76; see also Sutta Nipâta, _Sacred Books of the East_, vol. x. Part ii. p. 159, for the popular conception of Buddha’s temptation; the arrows of Mâra are “flower-pointed,” like Kama’s, the Hindu god of love. See Dhammapada, _Sacred Books of the East_, vol. x. Part i. p. 17. Footnote 138: Geikie, _Life of Christ_, vol. i. p. 449. Footnote 139: Mahavagga, i. 5. 2; _Sacred Books of the East_, vol. xvii. Footnote 140: