16. Sculpture found by General Sir A. Cunningham at Sārnāth, near Benares _To face_ 477 Illustrative of the four principal events in Gautama Buddha’s life—namely, his birth, his attainment of Buddhahood under the tree, his teaching at Benares, and his passing away in complete Nirvāṇa (see p. 387). Date about 400 A.D. 17. Sculpture of Buddha in ‘Witness-attitude’ on attaining Buddhahood, under the tree (an umbrella is above) 478 Found at Buddha-Gayā. Date about the 9th century. The original is remarkable for its smiling features and for the circular mark on the forehead. The drawing is from a photograph belonging to Sir A. Cunningham. 18. Sculpture of Buddha in ‘Witness-attitude’ on attaining Buddhahood under the tree 480 From a niche high up on the western side of the Buddha-Gayā temple. It has the ‘Ye dharmā’ formula (p. 104) inscribed on each side. It is half the size of the original sculpture. Probable date about the 11th century. 19. Sculpture found at Buddha-Gayā representing the earliest Triad, viz. Buddha, Dharma, and Saṅgha 485 The drawing is from a photograph belonging to Sir A. Cunningham, described at p. 484. 20. Votive Stūpa found at Buddha-Gayā _To face_ 505 Probable date about 9th or 10th century of our era. 21. Clay model of a small votive Stūpa 506 Selected from several which the author saw in the act of being made by a monk outside a monastery in British Sikkim in 1884. This model probably contains the ‘Ye dharmā’ or some other formula on a seal inside. The engraving is exactly the size of the original. RULES FOR PRONUNCIATION. VOWELS. _A_, _a_, pronounced as in rur_a_l, or the last _a_ in Americ_a_; _Ā_, _ā_, as in t_a_r, f_a_ther; _I_, _i_, as in f_i_ll; _Ī_, _ī_, as in pol_i_ce; _U_, _u_, as in b_u_ll; _Ū_, _ū_, as in r_u_de; _Ṛi_, _ṛi_, as in mer_ri_ly; _Ṛī_, _ṛī_, as in ma_ri_ne; _E_, _e_, as in pr_e_y; _Ai_, _ai_, as in _ai_sle; _O_, _o_, as in g_o_; _Au_, _au_, as in H_au_s (pronounced as in German). CONSONANTS. _K_, _k_, pronounced as in _k_ill, see_k_; _Kh_, _kh_, as in in_kh_orn; _G_, _g_, as in _g_un, do_g_; _Gh_, _gh_, as in lo_gh_ut; _Ṅ_, _ṅ_, as _ng_ in si_ng_ (si_ṅ_). _Ć_, _ć_, as in dol_c_e (in music), = English _ch_ in _ch_ur_ch_, lur_ch_ (lur_ć_); _Ćh_, _ćh_, as in chur_chh_ill (_ć_ur_ćh_ill); _J_, _j_, as in _j_et; _Jh_, _jh_, as in he_dgeh_og (he_jh_og); _Ñ_, _ñ_, as in si_n_ge (si_ñ_j).