6. The Natural History of Palestine, as dependent on its Physical Geography 114 7. The Topographical Survey of Western Palestine 121 8. Israel’s Wars and Worship considered in connection with the Physical Features of the Country--The Conquest and Wars 125 9. The Sacred Sites 161 10. The Method of the Survey, and Incidents of the Work 171 11. The East of Jordan 183 III. JERUSALEM-- 203 1. The City as it is 204 2. The Sieges of the City and Fortunes of its Walls 220 3. Excavations in Jerusalem 227 4. Jerusalem as it Was: The Hills and Valleys 249 5. Jerusalem as it Was: The Walls and Gates of the City 259 6. Incidents of the History better realized now 277 7. Sieges of the City understood through improved Knowledge of the Topography 293 IV. GOSPEL HISTORY IN THE LIGHT OF PALESTINE EXPLORATION-- 1. Christ in the Provinces 300 2. Christ in the Capital 325 V. MESOPOTAMIA AND THE BIBLE-- 1. Assyria 340 2. Babylonia 357 3. How the Writings were Read 370 THE VANDALISM OF ORIENTALS 375 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. PAGE Ruins of Synagogue _Frontispiece._ Mummies of Seti I. and Rameses II. 25 Hittite Portraits 32 Hittite Inscription 37 Map of Nile Delta and Sinai Desert _To face_ 57 Meridional Section through Palestine 90 Geological Sketch-Map 95 Generalised Geological Section 97 Map of Palestine _To face_ 125 Site of Gath 154 Plan of Jerusalem 205 Plan of Noble Sanctuary _To face_ 212 Robinson’s Arch--the Spring Stone 228