Robinson’s Arch--Section 230 Wilson’s Arch 232 South Wall of Noble Sanctuary 234 Deep Shaft at south-east Angle 235 Ancient Pottery--Jar Handles 236 Ancient Pottery--Vase 236 Masons’ Marks 237 East Wall of Noble Sanctuary 239 Plan of Siloam Tunnel 242 Shafts at Virgin’s Fountain 245 Rock-Site of Jerusalem 251 Schick’s Line of Second Wall 263 Nehemiah’s South Wall (St Clair) 268 Outline Plan of Jerusalem 334 Map of Mesopotamia _To face_ 340 Assyrian Winged Bull 347 Black Obelisk 348 Sennacherib before Lachish 350 Behistun Rock Inscription 371 PREFACE. This book contains a description of some of the most important modern discoveries bearing upon the Bible, the selection being made to meet the wants of those who have no time to follow the course of exploration, and no taste for technical details. The preparation of such a volume has often been urged upon me by those who have listened to my lectures on Palestine Exploration. In such a work accuracy is of more value than originality; and therefore I have not hesitated to gather information from the best sources, and to use it freely. The authorities and sources will be found in a list at the end of each chapter; and thus, while due acknowledgment is made, the reader will know where to go to for further information. In one chapter, indeed--that relating to the topography of Jerusalem in Scripture times--I do venture to state my own views, and give my own map of localities; but it is only because my special study of the subject seems to justify my confidence, and compels me to differ from other writers. I desire to express my special obligation to the Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund for allowing the use of their plates for the illustrations of this volume; to Herr Schick of Jerusalem, for leave to use his plan of the Second Wall, to Wilfrid H. Hudleston, M.A., F.R.S., for the geological sketch-map and section, and to W. Harry Rylands, F.S.A., Secretary to the Society of Biblical Archæology, for the special favour of an original drawing from one of the Hamath stones.