Footnote 180: Suidas, _ad vocem_ Κύρος. Footnote 181: Lydus, _De Magistratibus_, iii. p. 235. Footnote 182: Malalas, p. 361, Οὐκ ἀρέσκει μοι τύχη πολλά γελῶσα. Footnote 183: Paspates, p. 48, quoting Skarlatus Byzantius. Footnote 184: _Paschal Chron._, Malalas. Footnote 185: Lib. vii. c. 1. Footnote 186: Cananus, p. 476. Footnote 187: Nicephorus Gregoras, xiv. p. 711. Footnote 188: Philo of Byzantium. See _Veterum Mathemat. Opera_, s. ix. Edited and Translated by MM. de Rochat et Graux, _Revue de Philologie_, 1879. Footnote 189: Choisy, _L’Art de Bâtir chez les Byzantins_, p. 112. Footnote 190: _Cod. Theod._, “De Metatis,” lib. 13. Footnote 191: _Cod. Theod._, “De Operibus Publicis,” lib. 51. Footnote 192: Theophanes, p. 589; Phrantzes, p. 281. Footnote 193: Nicephorus Gregoras, ix. p. 408. Footnote 194: Ducas, p. 283. Footnote 195: Constant. Porphyr., _De Cer._, p. 504. Footnote 196: Cananus, p. 476. Footnote 197: Critobulus, i. c. 34. Footnote 198: Or “Lists, the space between the Inner and the Outer Walls of enceinte or enclosure” (_Violet-le-Duc on Mediæval Fortifications_; translated by Macdermott). Footnote 199: Only seventy out of the ninety-six towers in this wall can now be identified. Footnote 200: Cananus, p. 475. Footnote 201: Ducas, pp. 266, 283, 286; Critobulus, i. c. 34; Leonard of Scio, p. 936, thinks this was poor strategy, rendered necessary by the bad condition of the Inner Wall. “Operosa autem protegendi vallum et antemurale nostris fuit; quod contra animum meum semper fuit, qui suadebam in refugium muros altos non deserendos, qui si ob imbres negligentiamque vel scissi, vel inermes propugnaculis essent, qui non deserti, præsidium urbi salutis contulisset.” Footnote 202: Constant. Porphyr., _De Cer._, p. 438. Footnote 203: Ducas, p. 266, Ἐν τῇ τάφρῳ. Footnote 204: Cananus, pp. 461, 462. Footnote 205: Pages 7-13. Footnote 206: Page 40, Τὸ δὲ πλῆθος τῶν ἐν αὐταῖς (τάφροις) ὑδάτων, ὥστε ᾧ μέρει μόνον ἐλείπετο, καὶ ταύτῃ δοκεῖν πελαγίαν τὴν πόλιν εἶναι διὰ τούτων. Footnote 207: _Librum Insularum Archipelagi_, p. 121. Leipsic, 1824. Footnote 208: IV. 138, 139. Footnote 209: Dethier, _Sièges de Constantinople_, ii. p. 1085; cf. Mijatovich, _Constantine, Last Emperor of the Greeks_, pp. 185, 186. Some 24 of these aqueducts or dams can still be identified: 2 between the Sea of Marmora and the Golden Gate; 1 between that gate and the Gate of the Deuteron; 6 or 7 between the Gate of the Deuteron and the Gate of Selivria; 5 between the Gate of Selivria and the Gate Yeni Mevlevi Haneh Kapoussi; 5 between Yeni Mevlevi Haneh Kapoussi and Top Kapoussi; 2 between Top Kapoussi and the Gate of the Pempton; 3 between the Gate of the Pempton and Edirnè Kapoussi; 2 between Edirnè Kapoussi and the northern end of the Moat.