Campaigning in Kaffirland; Or, Scenes and Adventures in the Kaffir War of 1851-52King, William Ross
History
Campaigning in Kaffirland; Or, Scenes and Adventures in the Kaffir War of 1851-52
King, William Ross
South Africa -- History -- Frontier Wars, 1811-1878
This singular custom (called "uku'hlonipa") greatly increases the
difficulty of learning this very complicated language, for as all
Kaffir proper names are thus formed, and every man has from three
to eight wives, or more, each with their own extensive circle of
male kinsmen, and a woman must not use a word which contains the
sound even of any of their names, its construction becomes doubly
involved. The peculiar clicks, also, are another impediment to be
overcome by the learner. The letters _c_, _q_, and _x_, represent
three different sounds (such as a driver uses to encourage his
horses), denominated respectively "dental," "palatal," and "lateral"
clicks, which, when repeated in a double or treble click in the same
word, as "ukunycabagcazela," to tremble; "uquqoqo," the windpipe,
"Ukuququkaquka," changeableness, all uttered by the Kaffir with the
greatest clearness and fluency, add to the striking sound of his
beautiful language, every syllable of which ends with a vowel, and
is spoken with a most musical intonation, dwelling generally on the
penultimate vowel in a very remarkable manner. In its construction it
is entirely a language of ever-varying prefixes, by which verbs, nouns,
and pronouns, are conjugated, declined, and combined. Each of the
twelve declensions of nouns has its own set of prefixes, which, also,
by a singular and harmonious rule, govern the sound of the prefixes
of the verb, or other words in the sentence connected with it, and
which are thus assimilated into what is termed the euphonic concord,
the third person of the pronoun, for instance, having 144 different
prefixes to be used in combination with different words. On the proper
use of these, no easy matter, the correct speaking of the language
entirely depends, and in the study of it the European experiences the
greatest conceivable trouble with the least satisfactory results to be
found in the acquisition of any language under the sun, as any one who
attempts it will soon confess. The similarity between the Kaffir and
Fingo languages is so exact, they may be called one, there being no
greater difference than there is between Highland and Lowland Scotch,
if indeed as much.
The Fingoes are, in reality, only one of the three sections of the
original Kaffir race, having been driven from their position on the
north-eastern boundary of Kaffirland by the other tribes, who made
incessant war upon them, in which many thousands were killed; the rest,
having unluckily taken refuge in the territory of Hintza, a Kaffir
chief, were enslaved by him, and kept in the most barbarous servitude.
Sir Benjamin D'Urban, however, set them free in 1835, and assigned
them a territory within the country lying between the Kei, Klip-Plat
and Keiskamma Rivers, and they have, in consequence, ever since
remained our faithful and active allies.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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