_Observ. 4._ A Change is to be made betwixt two notes, by moving them into each others places; wherein ’tis to be observed as a general Rule, That every change must be made betwixt two notes that strike next to each other. As if five bells were ringing round in this order, 12345, the 1 and 2 may make a change, or 2 and 3, or likewise 3 and 4, or 4 and 5, because each two lie next each other; but the 1 and 3 cannot, because 2 strikes between them, much less may 1 and 4, _&c._ The two notes which make every change, moves into each others places in the making of it; wherein one note is said to move _up_, and the other _down_. The reason why one of them is said to move up, is, because he that rings that bell, in the making of the change must hold it up at the Sett a little longer than ordinary, to delay its striking, whereby ’tis made to follow the other note which before it preceded; and because ’tis so held up, therefore ’tis said to make an _Up-change_, or to move up: and on the contrary, the reason why the other note is said to move down, is, because he that rings it, pulls down the bell a little sooner than ordinary, to make it strike before the note which before it followed; and because ’tis so pulled down, therefore it is said to make a _Down-change_, or to move down. I will here give a short though certain rule to know when an Up-change or a Down-change is to be made: whensoever any note moves to strike behind the note wherewith it makes a change, it makes an up-change in doing it; and whensoever it moves to strike before the note, which ’tis to make a change with, it makes a down-change in doing it: so that every note which moves fromward the leading-note, makes an up-change; and when it moves toward the leading-note, it makes a down-change. I will here shew the manner of making a change: admitting that a peal of five bells were raised to a sett-pull, which is the usual compass for ringing of changes; the notes are first supposed to strike in this order, 12345. Now a change may be made betwixt any two notes that strike next each other; I will here make it betwixt the 3d. and 4th. which is to be done by moving them into each others’ places. Now ’tis observable, that before the making of the change, the 3d. note lies before the 4th. that is, it strikes next before the 4th; and the 4th. lies behind the 3d. that is, it strikes behind it: now in the making of the change, the 3d. must move to strike behind the 4th: wherein it makes an up-change; and the 4th. note at the same time must move to strike before the 3d. wherein it makes a down-change; the change being made, the bells will strike thus, 12435. All changes whatsoever are made in the aforesaid manner: for as the _3d_ note made an up-change in moving to strike behind the _4th_, and the _4th_ at the same time a down-change in moving to strike before the _3d_; so in like manner the two notes that make every change, must in