Visit the “lions” of Montreal--The 47th Regiment--The city open to attack--Quays, public buildings--French colonisation--Rise of Montreal--Stone--A French-Anglicised city--Loyalty of Canadians --Arrival of Troops--Facings--British and American Army compared --Experience needed by latter--Slavery 87 CHAPTER VII. First view of Quebec--Passage of the St. Lawrence--Novel and rather alarming situation--Russell’s Hotel--The Falls of Montmorenci, and the “Cone”--Aspect of the City--The Point--“Tarboggining”--Description of the “Cone”--Audacity of one of my companions--A Canadian dinner--Call on the Governor--Visit the Citadel--Its position--Capabilities for defence--View from parapet--The armoury--Old muskets--Red-tape thoughtfulness--French and English occupation of Quebec--Strength of Quebec 100 CHAPTER VIII. Lower Canada and Ancient France--Soldiers in Garrison at Quebec--Canadian Volunteers--The Governor-General Viscount Monck--Uniform in the United States--A Sleighing Party--Dinner and Calico Ball 121 CHAPTER IX. Canadian view of the American Struggle--English Officers in the States--My own position in the States and in Canada--The Ursulines in Quebec--General Montcalm--French Canadians--Imperial Honours--Celts and Saxons--Salmon Fishing--Early Government of Canada--Past and Future 128 CHAPTER X. Canadian Hospitality--Muffins--Departure for the States--Desertions --Montreal again--Southerners in Montreal--Drill and Snow Shoes--Winter Campaigning--Snow Drifts--Military Discontent 148 CHAPTER XI. Extent of Canada--The Lakes--Canadian Wealth--Early History--La Salle--Border Conflicts--Early Expeditions--Invasions from New England--Louisburgh and Ticonderoga--The Colonial Insurrection --Partition of Canada--Progress of Upper Canada--France and Canada--The American Invasion--Winter Campaign--New Orleans and Plattsburgh--Peace of Ghent--Political Controversies--Winter Communication--Sentiments of Hon. Joseph Howe--General view of Imperial and Colonial relations 158 CHAPTER XII. The Militia--American Intentions--Instability of the Volunteer Principle--The Drilling of Militia--The Commission of 1862--The Duke of Newcastle’s Views--Militia Schemes--Volunteer Force--Apathy of the French Canadians--The first Summons 200 CHAPTER XIII. Possible dangers--The future danger--Open to attack--Canals and railways--Probable lines of invasion--Lines of attack and defence--London--Toronto--Defences of Kingston--Defences of Quebec 222 CHAPTER XIV.