II. FROM 1600 TO 1607 . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 III. FROM 1607 TO 1635 . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 IV. FROM 1635 TO 1666 . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 V. FROM 1635 TO 1650 . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 VI. FROM 1650 TO 1672 . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 VII. FROM 1672 TO 1688 . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 VIII. FROM 1679 TO 1713 . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 IX. FROM 1686 TO 1698 . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 X. FROM 1698 TO 1713 . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 XI. FROM 1713 TO 1755 . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 XII. FROM 1756 TO 1763 . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 XIII. FROM 1763 TO 1812 . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 XIV. FROM 1812 TO 1820 . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 XV. FROM 1812 TO 1846 . . . . . . . . . . . . 380 XVI. FROM 1820 TO 1867 . . . . . . . . . . . . 410 INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439 {xix} ILLUSTRATIONS AND MAPS PAGE MAP OF WESTERN CANADA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _Frontispiece_ VIKING SHIP RECENTLY DISCOVERED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 After a photograph of the Viking Ship at Sandefjord, Norway. MAP SHOWING DIVISION OF THE NEW WORLD BETWEEN SPAIN AND PORTUGAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 A TYPICAL "HOLE IN THE WALL" AT "KITTY VIDDY," NEAR ST. JOHN'S, NEWFOUNDLAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 From a photograph. SEBASTIAN CABOT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 After the portrait attributed to Holbein. JACQUES CARTIER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 After the portrait at St. Malo, France, with signature. WHERE THE FISHER HAMLETS NOW NESTLE, NEWFOUNDLAND . . . . . . 9 From a photograph. ANCIENT HOCHELAGA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 After a cut in the third volume of Ramusio's _Raccolta_, Venice, 1565. THE "DAUPHIN MAP" OF CANADA, _CIRCA_ 1543, SHOWING CARTIER'S DISCOVERIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 QUEEN ELIZABETH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 After the ermine portrait in Hatfield House, with signature. THE BOYHOOD OF GILBERT AND RALEIGH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 From the painting by Sir John Millais. SIR HUMPHREY GILBERT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 After the print in Holland's _Herwologia-Anglica_, 1620. SIR WALTER RALEIGH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 After the portrait in the possession of the Duchess of Dorset. AT EASTERN ENTRANCE TO HUDSON STRAITS . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 From a photograph by Dominion Geological Survey. HUDSON COAT OF ARMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 From Lenox Collection, New York City. THE FANTASTIC ROCKS OF GASPÉ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 From a photograph. {xx} SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 After the Moncornet portrait, with signature.