Carriages & Coaches: Their History & Their EvolutionStraus, Ralph
History
Carriages & Coaches: Their History & Their Evolution
Straus, Ralph
Carriages and carts
In Spain the _coucou_ found an equivalent in the _galera_, which was
provided with the ubiquitous basket—a low waggon it was, with its
sides formed of a number of wooden spokes at a considerable distance
from each other, and having no bottom save a strip of spartum on which
the trunks and packages were heaped. In Spain there were several
types of cart, two-or four-wheeled, which likewise plied for passenger
hire. One of these, called a _correo real_, seems to have travelled at
rather a greater pace, though with even less comfort to the unfortunate
passengers than the others. A century later this _correo real_ was
described by Théophile Gautier, who speaks of it as “an antediluvian
vehicle, of which the model could only be found in the fossil
remains of Spain, immense bell-shaped wheels, with very thin spokes,
considerably behind the frame, which had been painted red somewhere
about the time of Isabella the Catholic; an extravagant body full of
all sorts of crooked windows, and lined in the inside with small satin
cushions, which may at some period have been rose-coloured, and the
whole decorated with a kind of silk that was once probably of various
colours.”
In 1743 the system of travelling post, which so long before as 1664 had
been common in France, was introduced into England by one John Trull,
an artillery officer, who obtained a patent for letting carriages for
hire across country. These were the _post-chaises_, of which the first
were two-wheeled with the door in front—in this respect being similar
to the French _chaises de poste_, from which the idea was taken.
Trull’s scheme, however, though successful in itself does not seem to
have brought money to its inventor, who thirty years later died in
the King’s Bench. The door of these first post-chaises “was hinged at
the bottom and fell forward on to a small dasher like a gentleman’s
cabriolet,” and there was a window on either side. “It was hung upon
two very lofty wheels,” says Thrupp, “and long shafts for one horse,
and the body was rather in front of the wheels, so that the weight on
the horse’s back must have been considerable. It was suspended at first
upon leather braces only, but later upon two upright or whip springs
behind, and two elbow springs in front from the body to the cross-bar,
which joined the shafts and carried the step.” Soon, however, these
post-chaises were built with four wheels, and resembled the ordinary
private chariots of the day, though without their lavish ornamentation.
In less than ten years, however, a larger body was given to them,
so that they came to resemble the coach rather than the smaller and
slimmer chariots, while the coachman’s box was made very much higher.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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