The bones of the cranium were unusually thick. The dura mater, which was thickened, and in many places bore marks of former inflammation, adhered to the bone at the vertex. On its internal surface, near the longitudinal sinus, there was a small ossified portion, half an inch long and the eighth of an inch thick. The convolutions of the brain were narrow, and very strongly marked. The pia mater bore marks of pretty extensive inflammation, and adhered to the dura mater at the vertex. The cortical substance ran deep into the medullary part of the brain. The ventricles contained about double the usual quantity of water; their parts were all remarkably well defined. The vessels of the pia mater, over the corpora striata, were unusually injected with blood. The velum interpositum was very firm; the plexus choroides uncommonly thick, but pale; the opening from the right to the left ventricle large. The vessels of the brain were generally not much filled with blood. The blood appeared every where fluid, except in some portions of the lungs, and in the cavities of the heart. It was very dark coloured, perhaps more than ordinarily thin, and oozed from every part, which was cut. The cellular membrane, in all dependent parts, effused, when cut, a serous fluid. CASE II. Mr. John Jackson, fifty-two years of age, had been affected for more than two years with palpitations of the heart, and paroxysms of dyspnœa. These symptoms increased in October, 1808, and were followed by strong cough, uneasiness in lying down, sudden startings in sleep, and an inclination to bend the body forward and to the left side. His cough, during the last part of his life, was attended with copious bloody expectoration. His countenance was florid; his pulse very irregular, though not quite intermittent. The occasional variations in the state of the disease were remarkable. Some periods were marked with uncommon mental irritability. Pain in the region of the liver, œdema of the inferior extremities, paucity and turbidness of the urine, yellowness of the skin, and great emaciation attended the latter stages of the disease. A degree of stupor occurred. The termination on the 30th of January, 1809, was tolerably quiet. Two days before death he sank into the recumbent posture, and his pulse became more regular[5]. [Footnote 5: The symptoms of this patient were related by Dr. Rand, sen. to whose politeness and love of medical improvement I am indebted for the opportunity of examining this and the following case.] DISSECTION, TWENTY-FOUR HOURS AFTER DEATH. On opening the thorax, its right cavity was found to contain a large quantity of water; the left, a smaller quantity. The lungs were of a firm, condensed texture, especially at the lower part, where their solidity was nearly equal to that of a healthy liver. They contained black blood.