Banishment of the Jews--Edward's Restorative Measures--Edward's Continental Policy--Quarrel with France--Undeclared War--Edward Outwitted by Philip--Re-conquest of Wales--The War with France--Position of Balliol--He is placed under Restraint--Edward Marches Northwards--Fall of Berwick--Battle of Dunbar--Submission of Balliol and Scotland--Settlement of Scotland--Sir William Wallace--He heads the National Rising--Robert Bruce joins him--Submission of the Insurgents--Battle of Stirling Bridge--Invasion of England--Edward Defeats Wallace at Falkirk--Regency in Scotland--Oppression of the Clergy--The Barons refuse to help Edward--The Expedition to Flanders--A Constitutional Struggle--Peace with France--The Pope claims Scotland--Defeat of the English--Edward's Vengeance--Capture and Death of Wallace--Bruce takes his place--Death of Comyn--Defeats of the Scots--Death of Edward--His Character and Legislation--Sketch of the growth of the English Parliament 335 CHAPTER XXIX. REIGN OF EDWARD II. Character of the new King--Piers Gaveston--The King's Marriage--Gaveston is Dismissed to Ireland--His Return--Appointment of the Lords Ordainers--Their Reforms--Gaveston Banished--His Reappearance--Rebellion of the Nobles and Death of Gaveston--Successes of Bruce in Scotland--The Battle of Bannockburn--The Establishment of Scottish Independence--Edward Bruce in Ireland--Power of Lancaster--The Despensers--They are Banished--Sudden Activity of the King--Battle of Boroughbridge--The King's Vengeance--Peace with Scotland--Conspiracies against Edward--Machinations of the Queen--She Lands in England--Edward is Deserted and taken Prisoner--Dethronement of Edward--Indignation against Isabella--Murder of Edward--The Lessons of the Reign--Abolition of the Templars 363 CHAPTER XXX. THE REIGN OF EDWARD III. The Regency--War with Scotland--Edward is Baffled--Peace with Scotland, and Death of Bruce--Kent's Conspiracy--Overthrow of Mortimer--Edward assumes Authority--Relations with Scotland--Balliol Invades Scotland--Battle of Dupplin Moor--Edward supports Balliol--Battle of Halidon Hill--Scottish Heroines--Preparations for War with France--The Claims of Edward--Real Causes of the Quarrel--Alliances and Counter-Alliances--Edward Lands in Flanders--Is Deserted by his Allies and Returns to England--Battle of Sluys--Dispute with Stratford--The Breton Succession Question--Renewal of the War--Derby in Guienne--Edward Lands in Normandy--Battle of Creçy 387 CHAPTER XXXI. EDWARD III. (_concluded_).