The King's Misfortunes Abroad and Exactions at Home--Ambition and Rapacity of the Church of Rome--The Council of Lyons--The Kingdom of Sicily--Henry Accepts the Crown for his Son--Consequent Extortions--Richard becomes King of the Romans--Disputes between the King and the Barons--Simon de Montfort--He becomes Leader of the National Party--The Mad Parliament and the Provisions of Oxford--Banishment of Aliens--Government of the Barons--Peace with France--Henry is Absolved from the Provisions of Oxford--The Barons Oppose Him--Outbreak of Hostilities--The Award of Amiens--The Battle of Lewes--The Mise of Lewes--Supremacy of Leicester--The Exiles Assemble at Damme--The Parliament of 1265--Escape of Prince Edward--Battle of Evesham and Death of De Montfort--Continuance of the Rebellion--The Dictum de Kenilworth--Parliament of Marlborough--Prince Edward goes on Crusade--Deaths of Henry D'Almaine, Richard of Cornwall, and the King--Character of Henry 290 CHAPTER XXVI. ARCHITECTURE OF THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY. Transition from Norman to Gothic Architecture--The Period of Change--The Early English Style--Examples and Characteristics of the Style--Towers--Windows--Doorways--Porches--Buttresses --Pillars--Arches--Mouldings and Ornaments--Fronts 314 CHAPTER XXVII. THE REIGN OF EDWARD I. Accession of Edward--His Adventures while on Crusade--Death of St. Louis--Arrival of Edward at Acre--Fall of Nazareth--Events at Acre--Departure from Palestine--Edward in Italy--The "Little Battle of Châlons"--Dealings with the Flemings--Edward lands at Dover--Persecution of the Jews--Edward's Designs on Wales--Character of the Welsh--Rupture with Llewelyn--Submission of the Welsh--Conduct of David--Second Welsh Rising--Death of Llewelyn--Execution of David--Annexation of Wales--Edward on the Continent--Sketch of Scottish History--Attack of the Norwegians--Deaths in the Royal Family--Death of Alexander--Candidature of Robert Bruce--Death of the Maid of Norway--Candidates for the Throne--Meeting at Norham--Edward's Supremacy Acknowledged--He Decides in Favour of Balliol 319 CHAPTER XXVIII. REIGN OF EDWARD I. (_concluded_).