Edward V. proclaimed--The Two Parties of the Queen and of Gloucester--Struggle in the Council--Gloucester's Plans--The Earl Rivers and his Friends imprisoned--Gloucester secures the King and conducts him to London--Indignities to the young King--Execution of Lord Hastings--A Base Sermon at St. Paul's Cross--Gloucester pronounces the two young Princes illegitimate--The Farce at the Guildhall--Gloucester seizes the Crown--Richard crowned in London and again at York--Buckingham revolts against him--Murder of the two Princes--Henry of Richmond--Failure of Buckingham's Rising--Buckingham beheaded--Richards title confirmed by Parliament--Queen Dowager and her Daughters quit the Sanctuary--Death of Richard's Son and Heir--Proposes to Marry his Niece, Elizabeth of York--Richmond lands at Milford Haven--His Progress--The Troubles of Richard--The Battle of Bosworth--The Fallen Tyrant--End of the Wars of the Roses 46 CHAPTER IV. PROGRESS OF THE NATION IN THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY. The Study of Latin and Greek--Invention of Printing--Caxton--New Schools and Colleges--Architecture, Military, Ecclesiastical, and Domestic--Sculpture, Painting, and Gilding--The Art of War--Commerce and Shipping--Coinage 64 CHAPTER V. REIGN OF HENRY VII. Henry's Defective Title--Imprisonment of the Earl of Warwick--The King's Title to the Throne--His Marriage--Love Rising--Lambert Simnel--Henry's prompt Action--Failure of the Rebellion--The Queen's Coronation--The Act of Maintenance--Henry's Ingratitude to the Duke of Brittany--Discontent in England--Expedition to France and its Results--Henry's Second Invasion--Treaty of Étaples--Perkin Warbeck--His Adventures in Ireland, France, and Burgundy--Henry's Measures--Descent on Kent--Warbeck in Scotland--Invasion of England--The Cornish Rising--Warbeck quits Scotland--He lands in Cornwall--Failure of the Rebellion--Imprisonment of Warbeck and his subsequent Execution--European Affairs--Marriages of Henry's Daughter and Son--Betrothal of Catherine and Prince Henry--Henry's Matrimonial Schemes--Royal Exactions--A Lucky Capture--Henry proposes for Joanna--His Death 76 CHAPTER VI. REIGN OF HENRY VIII.