XIV. THE PAYS DE COMMINGES 222 XV. BÉARN AND THE BÉARNAIS 230 XVI. OF THE HISTORY AND TOPOGRAPHY OF BÉARN 244 XVII. PAU AND ITS CHÂTEAU 258 XVIII. LESCAR, THE SEPULCHRE OF THE BÉARNAIS 278 XIX. THE GAVE D'OSSAU 287 XX. TARBES, BIGORRE AND LUCHON 297 XXI. BY THE BLUE GAVE DE PAU 307 XXII. OLORON AND THE VAL D'ASPE 324 XXIII. ORTHEZ AND THE GAVE D'OLORON 335 XXIV. THE BIRTH OF FRENCH NAVARRE 354 XXV. THE BASQUES 372 XXVI. SAINT-JEAN-PIED-DE-PORT AND THE COL DE RONÇEVAUX 393 XXVII. THE VALLEY OF THE NIVE 405 XXVIII. BAYONNE: ITS PORT AND ITS WALLS 413 XXIX. BIARRITZ AND SAINT-JEAN-DE-LUZ 422 XXX. THE BIDASSOA AND THE FRONTIER 436 INDEX 449 [Illustration: LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS] PAGE A PEASANT GIRL OF THE ARIÈGE _Frontispiece_ THE PYRENEAN PROVINCES MAP _facing_ 1 WATCH-TOWER IN THE VAL D'ANDORRE _facing_ 24 FEUDAL FLAGS AND BANNERS 32 THE PEAKS OF THE PYRENEES (Map) 49 BRÈCHE DE ROLAND _facing_ 50 THE COL DE PERTHUS (Map) 57 THE FIVE PROPOSED RAILWAYS (Map) 68 STATIONS THERMALES (Map) 69 THE BASQUES OF THE MOUNTAINS _facing_ 74 IN A PYRENEAN HERMITAGE _facing_ 78 A MOUNTAINEER OF THE PYRENEES _facing_ 84 GITANOS FROM SPAIN 91 ROUSSILLON (Map) 95 CATALANS OF ROUSSILLON _facing_ 98 THE WOMEN OF ROUSSILLON _facing_ 100 ARMS OF PERPIGNAN 110 PORTE NOTRE DAME AND THE CASTILLET, PERPIGNAN _facing_ 112 CHÂTEAU ROUSSILLON _facing_ 118 COLLIOURE _facing_ 124 CHÂTEAU D'ULTRERA _facing_ 126 THE PILGRIMAGE TO ST. MARTIN _facing_ 132 VILLEFRANCHE _facing_ 142 ARMS OF ANDORRA 147 CHÂTEAU DE PUYLAURENS _facing_ 154 AXAT _facing_ 158 PLAN OF CARCASSONNE (Diagram) 164 THE WALLS OF CARCASSONNE _facing_ 166